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Democracy as a Prerequisite to Development: A Complex Relationship

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Democracy as a Prerequisite to Development: A Complex Relationship
By George Omagbemi Sylvester

 

The age-old debate on whether democracy is a prerequisite for development continues to divide political thinkers, economists, and development practitioners across the globe. While some argue that democratic governance is indispensable for meaningful and inclusive development, others point to the dramatic economic transformation of non-democratic states as evidence that democracy, though desirable, is not necessarily a precondition for prosperity. What is undeniable, however, is that the relationship between democracy and development is anything but linear—it is deeply complex, context-dependent, and riddled with contradictions.

The Case For Democracy as a Prerequisite to Development
1. Accountability and Transparency
At the heart of democratic governance is accountability. Elected leaders, conscious of the electorate’s power to remove them from office, are often compelled to act in the interest of the people. Transparency becomes not just an ideal but a necessity. Institutions such as the judiciary, legislature, press, and civil society act as watchdogs, exposing corruption and ensuring checks and balances.

As former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan once noted:

“Good governance is perhaps the single most important factor in eradicating poverty and promoting development.”

This is evident in nations like Finland, Canada, and New Zealand—consistently ranked among the least corrupt and most developed countries in the world. The World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators (2023) show a direct correlation between democratic accountability and control of corruption.

2. Protection of Human Rights
Democracy provides the institutional framework for safeguarding human rights, including civil liberties, freedom of speech, gender equality, and access to healthcare and education. These rights are not just moral imperatives; they are development accelerators.

Political philosopher Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate in Economics, argues:

“Development requires the removal of major sources of unfreedom… the denial of political liberty, the neglect of public facilities, and the intolerance or overactivity of repressive states.”

In other words, democracy isn’t just a value; it’s a vehicle for human progress. Countries such as Sweden, Norway, and Denmark—where democratic institutions ensure access to social services and rule of law—consistently top the Human Development Index.

3. Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Democracies tend to foster environments where innovation thrives. Freedom of thought, speech, and association—hallmarks of democratic systems—encourage creativity and entrepreneurship. Start-ups, think tanks, and civil society groups flourish in open societies where information flows freely and the rule of law is upheld.

Joseph Stiglitz, Nobel-winning economist, emphasized this dynamic:

“A vibrant civil society is necessary for economic development, and it is best supported by democratic institutions.”

The United States, with its open democratic environment, remains a hub of technological innovation. According to the Global Innovation Index 2023, democratic countries dominate the top ten, linking political freedom with innovative capacity.

4. Social Justice and Equality
Democracy, when functional, allows historically marginalized voices to be heard. Through electoral representation, legislative action, and judicial recourse, democracies work—however slowly—toward greater inclusion.

South Africa’s post-apartheid transition is a clear example. Nelson Mandela, in his inaugural speech, reminded the world:

“Let there be justice for all. Let there be peace for all. Let there be work, bread, water and salt for all.”

While the country still struggles with inequality, democracy has provided the tools for continuous reform and dialogue—a contrast to authoritarian regimes where dissent is often criminalized.

The Case Against Democracy as a Prerequisite to Development
1. Economic Growth Without Democracy
History is replete with examples of nations that achieved spectacular economic growth without democratic governance. The People’s Republic of China is perhaps the most cited. Since initiating economic reforms in 1978, China has lifted over 800 million people out of poverty, according to the World Bank.

Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore’s founding father, famously stated:

“I do not believe that democracy necessarily leads to development. I believe what a country needs to develop is discipline more than democracy.”

Singapore, under his leadership, transformed from a struggling port to one of the most efficient and developed economies globally—without full political liberalism.

2. Authoritarian Efficiency
Proponents of authoritarian development argue that such regimes can implement long-term policies without the disruptions of electoral politics. They can bypass political gridlock and enforce discipline in public administration.

This sentiment is echoed by political scientist Fareed Zakaria, who warned:

“Democracy is flourishing; liberty is not. Many democracies have become illiberal, where elections are held but civil liberties are absent.”

Authoritarian regimes often tout their efficiency, but that efficiency can come at the cost of liberty, human dignity, and sustainability.

3. Cultural and Historical Context
Not all societies are culturally or historically aligned with Western democratic values. Attempts to impose democratic structures on societies with complex traditional governance systems often yield chaos instead of order.

As African scholar Mahmood Mamdani puts it:
“Democratization without decolonization is a form of recolonization.”

Countries like Iraq, Libya, and Afghanistan demonstrate how fragile and dangerous externally imposed democracy can be when not aligned with indigenous socio-political realities.

Democratic Successes and Authoritarian Exceptions
There is no shortage of success stories on either side of the divide. Norway, ranked first on the Human Development Index (UNDP 2023), exemplifies the best of democratic governance: transparency, prosperity, and equality. Its wealth, including oil revenue, is managed through one of the most transparent sovereign wealth funds globally.

Conversely, China’s economic miracle—despite its authoritarian political structure—cannot be dismissed. President Xi Jinping asserts that China’s model represents an alternative path:

“We have found a development path that suits China’s national conditions and reflects the will of the Chinese people.”

Still, authoritarian regimes often face hidden vulnerabilities. Venezuela, under Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro, squandered its oil wealth and plunged into hyperinflation and humanitarian crisis—proof that centralized control without accountability can be devastating.

Conclusion: Context Is King
To assert that democracy is always a prerequisite to development is to ignore the intricate and diverse pathways nations take. Yet to discard democracy as irrelevant is to flirt with the erosion of rights, freedoms, and dignity.

Democracy—when it works—is the best system for balancing growth with human freedom, equity, and justice. But it must be supported by strong institutions, civic culture, legal integrity, and responsible leadership.

In the words of former U.S. President Barack Obama:

“Development depends on good governance. That is the ingredient which has been missing in far too many places for far too long. That’s the change that can unlock Africa’s potential.”

In the final analysis, development requires more than roads and GDP growth. It requires justice, participation, and freedom. Whether under democratic rule or otherwise, what ultimately matters is whether power is used to serve the people—not oppress them.

Democracy as a Prerequisite to Development: A Complex Relationship
By George Omagbemi Sylvester

Politics

Why Ifako-Ijaiye’s Voice Is Louder At The Lagos Assembly: The Jah Factor

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Why Ifako-Ijaiye’s Voice Is Louder At The Lagos Assembly: The Jah Factor

By Ibukun Simon

In legislative politics, not all representatives are created equal. Some merely occupy seats; others shape conversations, influence outcomes, and leave visible footprints in the lives of their people. Since 2019, Ifako-Ijaiye Constituency I has belonged firmly to the latter category, thanks to the emergence of Hon. Adewale Temitope Adedeji, fondly known as JAH, as its representative in the Lagos State House of Assembly.

As a journalist who has covered proceedings of the Lagos Assembly consistently since 2015, I have witnessed first-hand how representation can either fade into the normal routine or rise into relevance. The entry of Hon. Adedeji into the Assembly marked a clear turning point—not only for Ifako-Ijaiye, but for the quality of debate, advocacy, and people-focused legislation within the House.

On the floor of the Assembly, Hon. Adedeji stands out as one of the lawmakers journalists naturally gravitate towards. His interventions during plenary sessions are deliberate, articulate, and deeply rooted in public interest and knowledge. In the 40-member House, he is widely regarded as one of the top five lawmakers whose contributions command attention, not because of theatrics, but due to his clarity of thought, persuasive delivery, and uncommon mastery of issues. When JAH speaks, the chamber listens—and the press takes notes.

This strength of presence is crucial in a legislative environment where influence matters. In parliamentary practice, experience translates to authority. The Lagos State House of Assembly, like many legislatures, places significant weight on ranking members—lawmakers whose sustained service enhances their ability to push motions, influence committee outcomes, and attract development to their constituencies. Returning Hon. Adedeji to the House in 2027 would therefore mean strengthening Ifako-Ijaiye’s bargaining power and ensuring its concerns are not just heard, but prioritized.

Beyond the chambers, the impact of Hon. Adedeji’s representation is visible across the constituency. In terms of infrastructural development, several road construction and rehabilitation projects have been attracted to Ifako-Ijaiye under his watch, improving accessibility, boosting local businesses, and easing daily movement for residents. These are practical dividends of democracy that speak louder than campaign slogans.

Equally significant is his focus on human development and social inclusion. Since assuming office in 2019, Hon. Adedeji has facilitated job opportunities, empowered the less privileged, and consistently supported students through the distribution of JAMB and GCE forms, helping to remove financial barriers to education. These interventions reflect the impact of a representative who understands that development must touch both infrastructure and people.

What further distinguishes Hon. Adedeji is his constant engagement with constituents. Through consultations, town-hall interactions, and accessibility, he has maintained a relationship that goes beyond election cycles. This closeness has fostered trust and ensured that governance remains responsive to grassroots realities.

As Lagos continues to grow and legislative responsibilities become more demanding, constituencies like Ifako-Ijaiye cannot afford experimental representation. They require lawmakers who understand the system, command respect within it, and can translate legislative influence into real benefits for the people.

From the Assembly floor to the streets of Ifako-Ijaiye, the record since 2019 is clear: effective representation works—and Hon. Adewale Temitope Adedeji has delivered it.

Ibukun writes from Ifako-Ijaiye.

 

Why Ifako-Ijaiye's Voice Is Louder At The Lagos Assembly: The Jah Factor
By Ibukun Simon

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Lack of Understanding or Legitimate Concern? Otti’s Defence of Tinubu’s Tax Reform Sparks National Debate

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Lack of Understanding or Legitimate Concern? Otti’s Defence of Tinubu’s Tax Reform Sparks National Debate

By George Omagbemi Sylvester | SaharaWeeklyNG

“Abia Governor Alex Otti argues critics misunderstand the overhaul of Nigeria’s tax laws, but the controversy reveals deeper anxieties about governance, transparency and economic strain.”

When Abia State Governor Alex Otti publicly defended President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s newly enacted tax reform laws on February 13, 2026, he did more than just push back at critics, he threw the spotlight back on a fulcrum issue dividing Nigeria’s political and economic classes. Otti’s assertion that Nigerians attacking the tax policy “lack understanding” crystallises a broader fracture in public discourse over fiscal policy, governance and the future of the Nigerian economy.

The comments from Governor Otti came amid an intensifying national conversation over sweeping tax reforms signed into law in June 2025, designed to modernise Nigeria’s tax architecture and expand revenue mobilisation. These reforms (long in the making and championed by a Presidential Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms Committee chaired by Prof. Taiwo Oyedele) mark the most far‑reaching overhaul of federal tax laws in decades. They include restructuring the Federal Inland Revenue Service into the National Revenue Service (NRS), establishing a Tax Appeal Tribunal and Ombudsman Office, and unifying revenue collection frameworks to improve transparency and efficiency.

Governor Otti’s praise for the new legislation resonated with elements of his own fiscal thinking. Drawing on economic positions he articulated nearly a decade ago, he argued that key principles now entrenched in the law reflect sound fiscal reasoning and long‑standing proposals to strengthen Nigeria’s economic foundations. “Almost 10 years ago, I wrote about the fiscal side of things,” Otti said. “When I read the new tax reform law, I saw many of those arguments reflected in it. I thank Prof. Oyedele. When people attack him, they don’t understand.”

Yet, while Otti’s intervention was meant to de‑escalate public criticism, it instead exposed how complex and emotionally charged the issue of taxation has become in Nigeria. Critics, both inside and outside government, argue that the reforms have not been adequately explained to citizens and that many fear the measures will aggravate hardship amid already high costs of living. One prominent voice of dissent, fiscal policy analyst Aborisade, warned that without transparency and clear communication on how tax revenues will be collected and returned to the people, “these reforms risk becoming deeply unpopular.” Critics also highlight that any tax increase implemented without demonstrable improvements in public services could fuel resentment and mistrust in governance.

That mistrust is not abstract. For years, Nigeria has struggled with weak tax compliance, low revenue‑to‑GDP ratios compared with other emerging economies, and public scepticism over how government revenues are utilised. Many Nigerians remember episodes where policy changes were not accompanied by visible improvements in infrastructure, healthcare or power delivery, reinforcing the belief among skeptics that new taxes equate to greater burden with little reward.

For supporters like Otti and others in government policy circles, the reforms represent a long‑overdue attempt to widen the tax net and reduce Nigeria’s chronic dependence on volatile oil revenues. Advocates argue that a modernised tax system can enhance domestic revenue mobilisation, reduce fiscal deficits, and create a more resilient economy. They point out that reforms provide exemptions and reliefs for low‑income earners and small businesses and are aimed at building a fairer, more transparent system for all stakeholders.

Still, bridging the gap between these competing narratives is challenging. Opposition voices contend that even well‑designed tax policy may fail if the state lacks the capacity to implement it equitably or if the public’s confidence in leadership remains weak. “Without accountability and clear benefits for their contributions, any tax reform risks becoming deeply unpopular,” Aborisade emphasised, warning that heavy taxation without trust can fracture the social contract.

The debate over Tinubu’s tax reform illustrates a deeper truth about contemporary Nigeria: that economic policy no longer exists in a vacuum but is deeply intertwined with public sentiment, political legitimacy, and social cohesion. As one respected economist put it, “Taxation is not just a fiscal tool, it is a trust‑building exercise between the state and its citizens.” When that trust is fragile, even technically sound reforms can be seen as punitive rather than constructive.

Analysts suggest that meaningful public engagement (including sustained information campaigns, transparent revenue utilisation reporting and constructive dialogue with civil society) is essential to soothe anxieties and build confidence in the new system. Without this, what began as an effort to stabilise public finances could widen political and social divides.

In defending the tax reforms, Governor Otti has framed the challenge as one of comprehension rather than critique. But the controversy unfolding across Nigeria is not simply about misunderstanding; it underscores a profound gap between policy design and public perception. For a reform of this magnitude to succeed, Nigerians must be assured not only of its economic merits, but also of its fairness, transparency and tangible impact on everyday lives.

As the implementation phase continues through 2026 and beyond, the Tinubu administration, state governments and economic stakeholders face the critical task of translating legislative change into broader public trust – a task as difficult as any technical reform the tax laws themselves seek to achieve.

 

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Cubana Chief Priest Backs Tinubu Ahead of 2027, Signalling Shift in Celebrity Political Alignments

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Cubana Chief Priest Backs Tinubu Ahead of 2027, Signalling Shift in Celebrity Political Alignments

By George Omagbemi Sylvester | SaharaWeeklyNG

“Socialite’s public declaration underscores growing intersection of business, entertainment and electoral politics as Nigeria inches toward another high-stakes presidential race.”

Cubana Chief Priest Backs Tinubu Ahead of 2027, Signalling Shift in Celebrity Political Alignments

A prominent Nigerian socialite and nightlife entrepreneur, Pascal Okechukwu (popularly known as Cubana Chief Priest) has publicly declared his support for President Bola Ahmed Tinubu ahead of the 2027 presidential election, in a move that has stirred debate across Nigeria’s political and social media landscapes.

 

The declaration emerged in early February 2026 through a series of Instagram posts and public exchanges with critics and followers. In those posts, the celebrity businessman stated unequivocally that he would align himself with Tinubu’s political camp and work against the anticipated presidential bid of former Anambra State governor and Labour Party figure, Peter Obi.

 

Cubana Chief Priest, who commands a large following across Nigeria’s entertainment and hospitality sectors, framed his decision as both a political and economic calculation. In one exchange, he argued that as an employer and businessman, he preferred collaboration with the incumbent administration rather than opposition politics.

 

He also publicly declared that he and his family had chosen to “stay with the moving train” of Tinubu’s “Renewed Hope” agenda, signalling clear political alignment with the ruling All Progressives Congress (APC).

The shift is politically significant because the socialite had previously been associated with Peter Obi during the 2023 presidential election cycle. In his own words, he acknowledged that he worked for Obi during that campaign, even while holding an advisory role to an APC-aligned state government.

His new stance therefore represents a notable reversal, particularly within the South-East business community, where Obi enjoyed strong support during the last election.

 

The controversy surrounding the declaration intensified after an online clash between Cubana Chief Priest and social commentator Isaac Fayose, the brother of former Ekiti State governor Ayodele Fayose. The dispute centred on the socialite’s decision to align with Tinubu’s political movement, with Fayose accusing him of opportunism. In response, Cubana Chief Priest defended his position, arguing that political alignment was a practical choice for a businessman responsible for large-scale employment.

 

He also linked his support for the APC government to broader political objectives, including the potential release of detained pro-Biafra leader Nnamdi Kanu, stating that such outcomes were more achievable from within the ruling political structure than from opposition ranks.

Beyond social media statements, reports indicate that Cubana Chief Priest has expressed interest in running for a seat in the House of Representatives in 2027 under the APC platform, suggesting that his endorsement of Tinubu is part of a deeper political ambition rather than a mere celebrity opinion.

 

News reports also describe his announcement of political plans and explicit backing of Tinubu as part of the emerging alignment of business figures with the president’s second-term project.

The development coincides with political moves by his associate, the businessman Obinna Iyiegbu, popularly known as Obi Cubana, who has also been linked to pro-Tinubu political structures ahead of 2027.

This clustering of influential entrepreneurs around the ruling party has prompted renewed discussion about the growing role of celebrity endorsements and business interests in Nigeria’s electoral politics.

 

Political analysts say such endorsements, while often symbolic, can influence public perception, especially among young voters who are heavily engaged with celebrity culture. As political scientist Larry Diamond once observed, “In transitional democracies, informal power networks (business elites, media figures, and celebrities) can shape political outcomes as much as formal party structures.”

 

Similarly, Nigerian scholar Professor Jibrin Ibrahim has argued that “the fusion of business capital and political capital is one of the defining features of contemporary Nigerian politics.”

 

However, critics warn that celebrity political alignments rarely translate into structured policy debates or ideological clarity. Economist Pat Utomi has repeatedly cautioned that “Nigeria’s democracy suffers when politics becomes an extension of celebrity influence rather than a contest of ideas and development strategies.”

 

For now, Cubana Chief Priest’s declaration remains a personal political endorsement rather than an official party appointment at the national level. Yet its timing (more than a year before the formal campaign cycle for 2027) illustrates how early positioning has already begun among Nigeria’s political and business elites.

 

Key figures involved:

 

Pascal Okechukwu (Cubana Chief Priest): Socialite and businessman who declared support for Tinubu.

 

President Bola Ahmed Tinubu: Incumbent Nigerian president expected to seek re-election in 2027.

 

Peter Obi: Former Anambra governor and likely opposition contender.

 

Isaac Fayose: Social commentator who criticised the endorsement.

 

Obinna Iyiegbu (Obi Cubana): Business associate linked to pro-Tinubu political structures.

 

As Nigeria moves gradually toward the 2027 electoral cycle, the intersection of celebrity influence, business interests and party politics is likely to intensify, raising fresh questions about the nature of democratic mobilisation in Africa’s most populous nation.

 

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