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(Investigation) CBN Intervention Funds: Controversy as Keystone Bank Asks Participants to Pay Full Commercial Loan Rate on Performing Intervention Facilities

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CBN Issues update on Naira scarcity

*(Investigation) CBN Intervention Funds: Controversy as Keystone Bank Asks Participants to Pay Full Commercial Loan Rate on Performing Intervention Facilities*

*… Banks Indict CBN*

*.. Apex Bank Fail to Respond*

 

Recall that in 2020 immediately after Covid-19, the apex bank of Nigeria (CBN) swung into action by introducing a special pricing offer on the existing CIFI (Creative Industry Financing Initiative) loans. In addition to this, they injected N100bn into the economy that was disbursed through the Intervention Fund Scheme for Health Sector businesses among others.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The choice of health sector for the intervention was deliberate in 2020 following the realities and the need to strengthen the health sector after the covid-19 incident and the over dependence on imported drugs. The intervention was meant for those that play in the creative space and health sector including other manufacturing sectors and designed by CBN to cushion the impacts of Covid-19 and specifically focused on domestic manufacturing support.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Based on investigation carried out by team of well trained investigative journalists under the Nigeria Guild Of Investigative Journalists (NGIJ), we learnt that businesses in these sectors are meant to enjoy interest rate of 5% at the initial period (one year subject to extension by CBN) and there after which it reverts to 9% for the duration of the facility not exceeding 10yrs in total. Other beneficiaries in the scheme are Fashion/textile, Software Developers, Healthcare Manufacturers, Healthcare Service Providers, Healthcare Value Chain Players, etc.

 

 

 

 

 

 

However, it became a serious matter when a commercial bank, specifically KEYSTONE decided to unilaterally increase the intervention facility rate from 9% to 24% on performing customers without the knowledge or consent of CBN or without regards to the attendant effect on the businesses at this time. , The guild obtained initial information (Keystone letter to several customers dated September 20th and titled “ *NOTICE OF INTEREST RATE REVIEW* ”, which led to the full investigation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The letter referenced ‘CBN review of ‘Cash Reserve Ratio Policy and other monetary policies’ as a basis for rate change but did not reference any directive or published circular rescinding the policy rate.

 

 

 

 

 

During the course of our investigation, we realized that Keystone has already started charging the increased rate by directly deducting interest at its new rate from the customers without consent.

 

 

 

 

 

During our investigation, we spoke to the managing director of Keystone bank, Olaniran Olayinka. who confirmed the rate change by the bank but could not provide any support of a CBN directive to that effect. The core of his argument is that the funds belong to the bank.

 

 

*(Investigation) CBN  Intervention Funds: Controversy as Keystone Bank  Asks  Participants to Pay Full Commercial Loan Rate  on Performing Intervention Facilities*   

 *... Banks Indict CBN* 

 *.. Apex Bank Fail to Respond* 

Recall that in 2020 immediately after Covid-19, the apex bank of Nigeria (CBN) swung into action by introducing a special pricing offer on the existing CIFI (Creative Industry Financing Initiative) loans. In addition to this, they injected N100bn into the economy that was disbursed through the Intervention Fund Scheme for Health Sector businesses among others.

The choice of health sector for the intervention was deliberate in 2020 following the realities and the need to strengthen the health sector after the covid-19 incident and the over dependence on imported drugs. The intervention was meant for those that play in the creative space and health sector including other manufacturing sectors and  designed by CBN to cushion the impacts of Covid-19 and specifically focused on domestic manufacturing support.

 Based on investigation carried out by team of well trained investigative journalists under the Nigeria Guild Of Investigative Journalists (NGIJ), we learnt that businesses in these sectors are meant to enjoy  interest rate of 5% at the initial period (one year subject to extension by CBN) and  there after which it reverts to 9% for the duration of the facility not exceeding 10yrs in total. Other beneficiaries in the scheme are Fashion/textile, Software Developers, Healthcare Manufacturers, Healthcare Service Providers, Healthcare Value Chain Players, etc.

However, it became a serious matter when a commercial bank, specifically KEYSTONE decided to unilaterally increase the intervention facility  rate from 9% to 24% on  performing customers without the knowledge or consent of CBN or without regards to the attendant effect on the businesses at this time. , The guild obtained initial information (Keystone letter to several customers dated September 20th  and titled “ *NOTICE OF INTEREST RATE REVIEW* ”, which led to the full investigation. 

The letter referenced ‘CBN review of ‘Cash Reserve Ratio Policy and other monetary policies’  as a basis for rate change but did not reference any directive or published circular rescinding the policy rate.

 During the course of our investigation, we realized that  Keystone has already started charging the  increased rate by directly deducting interest at its new rate from the customers without consent. 

During our investigation, we spoke to  the managing director of Keystone bank, Olaniran Olayinka. who confirmed the rate change by the bank but could not provide any support of a CBN directive to that effect.  The core of his argument is that the funds belong to the bank.

 He noted that CBN never came to their aid when they needed support  but instead has increased the cash reserve requirement from 27.5% to 32%. 

He further noted that tier one banks did not participate in the intervention, but the small banks did. 

A quick investigation showed that the big banks, UBA, FBN, Zenith, Access, Fidelity etc were big participants in the sector specific DCRR intervention program and all currently are adhering to the policy guidelines for such. 

Not satisfied with the response, we went further to speak with another  bank official who revealed to us that the newly appointed CBN Governor Mr Olayemi Cardoso has announced that the Apex will no longer get involved in any intervention funds,  he said . He however did not confirm that CBN is reversing existing intervention rates while they are still performing without default.

 According to the new governor of the apex bank, the bank needs to move into a limited advisory role that supports economic growth rather than actively play a prominent role in the financing of these projects. There is nothing in this statement or others we are aware of that indicates that CBN will change, or cancel its existing interventions. If that is the case, then a circular should be issued to that effect but it has not done so.  The CBN statement is generally understood to mean more focus on monetary policy and less or away from fiscal policies or interventions that should be left for the relevant agencies and ministries such as Bank of Industry, Bank of Agriculture etc.

 He emphasized the need to restore the apex bank’s independence and credibility by refocusing on its core mandate and ensuring a culture of compliance.

The core question which is for CBN to answer is whether a bank can unilaterally change intervention policy rates on existing facilities on non-defaulting customers without recourse to the regulator.

 The challenge is a policy consistency challenge that does nothing but erode public and investor confidence.  

The silence from CBN has done nothing but exacerbate the challenge or at minimum embolden unscrupulous bankers to the detriment of customers and public confidence.

Our journalist attempted to  speak with the central bank director in charge when the Intervention was initiated Mr Yila Yusuf but Yila referred us to another director (Dr Musa)  noting that he is no longer in charge  and he can't speak on it .

When we spoke with Dr  Musa, he turned us down and referred us to the CBN, Head of Corporate Communications who is incommunicado since about two weeks till now. From the feelers around the CBN confirmed that the Mr Olayemi Cardoso is not interested  in running an interventionist economic policy which has manifested in President Bola Ahmed Tinubu-led administration and removal of fuel subsidy. 

It is on this note that we are calling on the CBN governor Mr Olayemi Cardoso to come out and clarify   to the public and beneficiaries the real situation of things because the companies involved are seriously concerned due to the sudden change in the policy rate. 

Some of these participants invested in these entities along with foreign partners that relied on the intervention facilties and employ thousands of Nigeria across all regions.

The biggest challenge to investing in Nigeria is policy inconsistencies.  It is hard to reconcile why a bank will reverse a CBN policy rate without recourse to CBN directive which is generally always published.

The challenge with not addressing this is that other banks will take this  cue that CBN has approved or authorized the rate change and will follow suit. 

Such arbitrariness ultimately leads to lack of investor and public confidence, potential defaults and ultimately lay off of those that were employed when these entities invested. 

The Apex bank needs to do something as a matter of urgency   to clarify what the policy is on existing intervention facilities for the entire banks and borrowers – it cannot be a cowboy country where there are no rules. 

The country, not only investors suffers where there is an appearance of lack of policy consistency.

 

 

 

He noted that CBN never came to their aid when they needed support but instead has increased the cash reserve requirement from 27.5% to 32%.

 

 

 

 

 

He further noted that tier one banks did not participate in the intervention, but the small banks did.

A quick investigation showed that the big banks, UBA, FBN, Zenith, Access, Fidelity etc were big participants in the sector specific DCRR intervention program and all currently are adhering to the policy guidelines for such.

Not satisfied with the response, we went further to speak with another bank official who revealed to us that the newly appointed CBN Governor Mr Olayemi Cardoso has announced that the Apex will no longer get involved in any intervention funds, he said . He however did not confirm that CBN is reversing existing intervention rates while they are still performing without default.

According to the new governor of the apex bank, the bank needs to move into a limited advisory role that supports economic growth rather than actively play a prominent role in the financing of these projects. There is nothing in this statement or others we are aware of that indicates that CBN will change, or cancel its existing interventions. If that is the case, then a circular should be issued to that effect but it has not done so. The CBN statement is generally understood to mean more focus on monetary policy and less or away from fiscal policies or interventions that should be left for the relevant agencies and ministries such as Bank of Industry, Bank of Agriculture etc.

He emphasized the need to restore the apex bank’s independence and credibility by refocusing on its core mandate and ensuring a culture of compliance.

The core question which is for CBN to answer is whether a bank can unilaterally change intervention policy rates on existing facilities on non-defaulting customers without recourse to the regulator.

The challenge is a policy consistency challenge that does nothing but erode public and investor confidence.

The silence from CBN has done nothing but exacerbate the challenge or at minimum embolden unscrupulous bankers to the detriment of customers and public confidence.

Our journalist attempted to speak with the central bank director in charge when the Intervention was initiated Mr Yila Yusuf but Yila referred us to another director (Dr Musa) noting that he is no longer in charge and he can’t speak on it .

When we spoke with Dr Musa, he turned us down and referred us to the CBN, Head of Corporate Communications who is incommunicado since about two weeks till now. From the feelers around the CBN confirmed that the Mr Olayemi Cardoso is not interested in running an interventionist economic policy which has manifested in President Bola Ahmed Tinubu-led administration and removal of fuel subsidy.

It is on this note that we are calling on the CBN governor Mr Olayemi Cardoso to come out and clarify to the public and beneficiaries the real situation of things because the companies involved are seriously concerned due to the sudden change in the policy rate.

Some of these participants invested in these entities along with foreign partners that relied on the intervention facilties and employ thousands of Nigeria across all regions.

The biggest challenge to investing in Nigeria is policy inconsistencies. It is hard to reconcile why a bank will reverse a CBN policy rate without recourse to CBN directive which is generally always published.

The challenge with not addressing this is that other banks will take this cue that CBN has approved or authorized the rate change and will follow suit.

Such arbitrariness ultimately leads to lack of investor and public confidence, potential defaults and ultimately lay off of those that were employed when these entities invested.

The Apex bank needs to do something as a matter of urgency to clarify what the policy is on existing intervention facilities for the entire banks and borrowers – it cannot be a cowboy country where there are no rules.

The country, not only investors suffers where there is an appearance of lack of policy consistency.

Bank

Fidelity Bank grows gross earnings by 38% to N434.95b in Q1

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Fidelity Bank grows gross earnings by 38% to N434.95b in Q1

 

Fidelity Bank Plc recorded 37.9 per cent growth in gross earnings to N434.95 billion in first quarter 2026 as the international commercial bank continued to expand its core banking market share.

 

Interim report and accounts of Fidelity Bank for the three months ended March 31, 2026 released at the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) showed that gross earnings rose from N315.42 billion in first quarter 20025 to N434.95 billion in first quarter 2026, representing an increase of 37.9 per cent.
The top-line performance was driven by impressive growth in the bank’s core business operations with interest incomes rising by 22.8 per cent to N314.48 billion in first quarter 2026 as against N256.10 billion in first quarter 2025.

 

With net interest income at N180.97 billion, the bank closed the period with profit before tax of N92.48 billion. After taxes, net profit stood at N74.47 billion for the three-month period. Earnings per share remained high at N5.69, underlining the capacity of the bank to reward its shareholders.

 

 

The balance sheet of the bank also emerged stronger. Total assets crossed the N11 trillion mark to N11.35 trillion by March 2026 compared with N10.46 trillion recorded in December 2025. Customers’ deposits increased from N6.89 trillion to N7.38 trillion. Total equity rode on the back of earnings growth to a 27.5 per cent increase from N1.09 trillion in December 2025 to N1.39 trillion by March 2026.

 

 

The first quarter 2026 results further consolidated the strong earnings outlook of the bank, which had successfully completed its recapitalisation amidst impressive earnings performance in 2025.
Fidelity Bank had recorded double-digit growths in interest and non-interest incomes as well as key balance sheet items during the year ended December 31, 2025.

 

 

The audited report showed that gross earnings rose from N1.04 trillion in 2024 to N1.52 trillion in 2025, an increase of 45.6 per cent. Interest and similar incomes had grown by 38.7 per cent from N803.1 billion in 2024 to N1.11 trillion in 2025. Fees and commission incomes also rose by 44.7 per cent from N78.4 billion to N113.4 billion. The bank recorded net profit after tax of N242.4 billion in 2025.

 

 

The bank’s balance sheet emerged stronger with total assets rising by 18.6 per cent to N10.46 trillion in 2025 as against N8.82 trillion in 2024. Customer deposits increased by 16.1 per cent from N5.94 trillion to N6.89 trillion, reflecting continued franchise strength and an improved funding profile. Net loans and advances meanwhile declined by 2.4 per cent to N4.28 trillion in 2025 as against N4.39 trillion in 2024, attributable to customers paying down on their mature obligations.

 

 

The bank had in 2025 strengthened its capital position, with eligible capital rising to N561 billion, above the regulatory minimum of N500 billion for banks with international authorisation. In addition, capital adequacy had remained robust, with Capital Adequacy Ratio of 30.94 per cent by December 2025 as against 23.47 per cent by December 2024.

 

Managing Director, Fidelity Bank Plc, Dr. Nneka Onyeali-Ikpe, said the first quarter 2026 results reinforced the bank’s strong and resilient business model.

 

She noted that with the remarkable success of its recapitalisation programme and continuing expansion, Fidelity Bank has entered a new era of growth and impressive returns.

 

“We are on a stronger footing and confident that we will set new growth records that are reflective of our legacy and the future we are working on,” Onyeali-Ikpe said.

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Dangote Refinery Ends Nigeria’s Era of Fuel Import Dependence, Boosts GDP, FX Earnings — EIU

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NLC Commends Dangote Refinery, Urges FG to Sell Adequate Crude in Naira to Reduce Fuel Prices

Dangote Refinery Ends Nigeria’s Era of Fuel Import Dependence, Boosts GDP, FX Earnings — EIU

The operational ramp up of the 650,000 barrels per day Dangote Petroleum Refinery & Petrochemicals is fundamentally reshaping Nigeria’s downstream oil sector, significantly reducing the country’s dependence on imported refined petroleum products and strengthening its external position, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).

In its latest assessment on Nigeria’s fuel market and regulatory environment, the EIU said the refinery has already transformed a sector that was previously characterised by heavy reliance on imported fuel despite Nigeria being Africa’s largest crude oil producer. The report noted that the refinery met nearly 80 per cent of domestic petrol demand in April and produced enough volumes to satisfy local consumption requirements as operations approached full capacity.

The EIU described Nigeria’s downstream petroleum sector before the refinery as “long dysfunctional”, noting that the country had remained almost entirely dependent on costly imported fuel while producing nearly 1.5 million barrels of crude oil daily.

According to the report, the emergence of the refinery has reduced import dependence, improved domestic fuel availability and strengthened Nigeria’s balance of payments position through lower import demand and rising exports of refined petroleum products.

“The gradual ramp up of the 650,000 barrel/day Dangote refinery since May 2023 has transformed Nigeria’s long dysfunctional downstream sector,” the report stated. “The country’s main refineries, all state owned, had been inoperative for years and Nigeria was almost entirely reliant on costly imported fuel.”

The research and analysis division of The Economist Group, London added that the refinery’s attainment of full operational capacity and its planned expansion would further support Nigeria’s economic growth and foreign exchange earnings over the medium term.

“Meanwhile, the attainment of full capacity at, and an increase in exports from, the Dangote refinery will support real GDP growth and foreign exchange earnings in 2026 and 2027 and beyond, as a planned doubling of the plant’s output comes on stream around the end of the decade,” it added.

Industry analysts said the refinery is increasingly positioning Nigeria as an emerging refining and export hub, altering energy trade flows across Africa and reducing the vulnerability associated with fuel import dependence.

The EIU noted that the refinery’s expansion has coincided with major reforms in Nigeria’s downstream sector, including the removal of fuel subsidies and the introduction of market driven pricing mechanisms.

The report, however, said the transition from a state dominated fuel import structure to large scale domestic refining has triggered resistance from interests linked to the old import regime.

The latest tensions emerged following the decision by the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority to relax restrictions on petrol imports despite the refinery’s growing capacity to meet domestic demand.

Dangote Industries subsequently initiated legal action, arguing that continued import approvals undermine domestic refining investments and conflict with the objectives of the Petroleum Industry Act, which seeks to encourage local refining capacity and reduce import dependence.

Analysts noted that the availability of large-scale domestic refining capacity has improved Nigeria’s energy security and reduced exposure to external supply shocks and foreign exchange volatility.

The Centre for the Promotion of Private Enterprise also cautioned against unrestrained importation of petroleum products, warning that such a policy could weaken Nigeria’s industrialisation drive and discourage investments in domestic refining.

Chief Executive Officer of CPPE, Muda Yusuf, said continued dependence on imported fuel had historically contributed to pressure on foreign reserves, exchange rate instability and fiscal leakages.

The refinery’s growing impact is also being reflected in Nigeria’s broader macroeconomic indicators. Earlier this month, S&P Global Ratings cited increased domestic refining capacity and rising hydrocarbon exports among the major factors supporting Nigeria’s sovereign credit rating upgrade – the first in 14 years.

Beyond Nigeria, analysts said the refinery is increasingly being viewed as a strategic industrial asset for Africa, where many countries remain heavily dependent on imported fuel despite rising demand for transportation, manufacturing, and power generation.

 

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BREAKING: Court Dismisses $19.6 Million Claim Against NNPCL — Rules Contract Scope Cannot Be Changed Orally

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BREAKING: Court Dismisses $19.6 Million Claim Against NNPCL — Rules Contract Scope Cannot Be Changed Orally

 

In a landmark ruling on Friday, May 22, 2026, the Federal Capital Territory High Court in Abuja threw out a $19.6 million lawsuit filed by Alternate Dimensions Ventures Ltd against the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPCL), affirming a key legal principle: a written contract cannot be expanded through oral agreements or conduct.

Alternate Dimensions had sought $19,600,000 in professional fees, claiming the scope of its Direct Sale, Direct Purchase (DSDP e-pro) contract with NNPCL was orally expanded. Represented by counsel Patrick Peter, the firm argued it was entitled to the revised sum for services rendered under the alleged new terms.

But NNPCL, through its lawyer Ituah Imhanze of KENNA LP, pushed back sharply, arguing that parties are bound exclusively by the clear terms of their written agreement. Imhanze contended that without any written amendment, the claim was legally unsound, and the court agreed.

Delivering judgment, Justice Hamza Mu’azu upheld NNPCL’s defense, stating that the contract was unambiguous and that no evidence was adduced during the trial, which supported the alleged scope expansion. The court further found that NNPCL fully complied with all contractual terms and committed no breach.

Dismissing the suit as meritless, Justice Mu’azu reinforced the doctrine of sanctity of contract: any amendment to a written agreement must be express, unequivocal, and documented, not implied or verbal.

The ruling spares NNPCL from the S19.6 million claim and also a floodgate of similar potential liabilities.

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