Russia, through its state nuclear corporation Rosatom, is expanding its strategic engagement with Nigeria and Africa in the field of nuclear technology.
Rosatom’s involvement in Africa, and specifically in Nigeria, reflects a strategic partnership aimed at addressing the continent’s growing energy needs and fostering technological advancement. As Russia continues to deepen its engagement, it is crucial to explore the positive contributions and tangible benefits of these collaborations.
In recent years, Rosatom has significantly expanded its presence in Africa. While being present through its regional office in South Africa for over 10 years, in 2024 alone, the Russian state nuclear corporation signed memorandums of understanding (MoUs) with several African countries, including the Republic of Congo, Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and Rwanda, with agreements with Burundi made the previous year.
These agreements cover a broad spectrum of cooperation, including the use of nuclear power in civil applications, development of nuclear infrastructure, personnel training, the advancement of floating power units, and public outreach on nuclear energy, among others. The memorandums aim to assist these nations in developing their nuclear energy capabilities, ensuring safe and sustainable energy solutions.
In addition to these agreements, Rosatom is actively involved in uranium mining projects across Africa. In Tanzania, Rosatom has partnered with the government to explore and develop uranium resources, which will contribute to local energy needs and global uranium supply.
In Namibia, Rosatom is engaged in several significant projects, including the exploration and potential development of uranium deposits. Notably, Rosatom’s uranium exploration initiative in Namibia focuses on the promising Wings project, located in the Omaheke region, approximately 300 kilometers from Windhoek.
This project, which has captured considerable attention at expos, is anticipated to create approximately 600 new jobs in the Omaheke region and an additional 4,000 jobs in related industries across Namibia.
With an estimated $500 million investment and an anticipated $3.5 billion in additional tax revenue, the Wings project is poised to become the cornerstone of Namibia’s mining future.
Rosatom’s expertise on the continent is further demonstrated through its involvement in constructing the El Dabaa nuclear power plant (NPP) in Egypt. This project, Egypt’s first nuclear plant, features four VVER-1200 reactors and is set to significantly enhance Egypt’s energy capacity.
Rosatom’s relationship with Nigeria exemplifies its strategic partnership approach. Since 2017, Nigeria and Rosatom have been working together on various projects, including the development of a nuclear power plant.
Nigerian officials participate in events organised by Rosatom. For instance, they took part in international nuclear forum Atomexpo in 2022 and 2024 where they once again confirmed their interest in the cooperation on the large-scale NPP project in Nigeria. Discussions are also ongoing about the potential deployment of a floating Small Modular Reactor (SMR) NPP.
Floating NPPs offer several advantages that make them particularly suitable for diverse applications. These reactors can be relocated as needed, providing flexibility in energy deployment. Their construction time is notably reduced since they are built in factories and then floated to their operational sites, streamlining the development process.
Additionally, floating NPPs are equipped with advanced safety systems that can be monitored and maintained remotely, ensuring high levels of safety and operational efficiency.
These smaller plants, already tested in Russia, offer a flexible and secure energy solution. Floating Power Units (FPUs) are particularly advantageous for coastal nations as they can be positioned offshore, minimizing land use impact and local community disturbances. They provide a reliable source of electricity directly to the grid, reducing the need for extensive and costly transmission infrastructure. Offshore locations also mitigate risks associated with traditional nuclear plants, such as cooling challenges and land-based safety concerns.
Adopting nuclear power through innovative solutions like FPUs would not only ensure a stable energy supply but also position Nigeria as a leader in modern energy technology, potentially attracting international investments and partnerships.
Unlike other companies that promise future floating nuclear power plants, Rosatom has been operating its floating power plant, the Akademik Lomonosov, since late 2019. This project showcases Rosatom’s technical expertise and dedication to sustainable energy solutions. The knowledge gained from this project has laid a strong foundation for future advancements in floating nuclear power technology.
Rosatom’s optimised floating nuclear power plants offer mobility, enabling strategic power generation along coastlines and near major ports, with the flexibility to scale up as needed. This innovation allows for efficient power distribution from the nearest port to the end user, reducing transmission losses and enhancing the reliability of electricity supply to industrialised and densely populated regions.
Rosatom’s commitment to nurturing future nuclear professionals is evidenced by initiatives like Atoms Empowering Africa. Since its inception in 2015, this program has been a driving force in empowering young individuals across Africa to explore the field of nuclear energy. The competition encourages African youth to present the benefits of nuclear energy, fostering scientific curiosity and paving the way for a sustainable energy future on the continent.
In the latest round of the Atoms Empowering Africa competition, twenty talented young individuals from South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda, Egypt, and Sudan were selected as winners. These winners had the unique opportunity to delve into the latest advancements in nuclear technology while experiencing the rich cultural heritage of Russia.
Their itinerary included a visit Moscow, Saint Petersburg and the town of Obninsk, the birthplace of the nuclear industry and Russia’s premier nuclear technology hub, which celebrated the 70th anniversary of the world’s first nuclear power plant.
Munachimso Oguine, a young participant from Nigeria, expressed the impact of the program: “We toured the Rosatom Technical Academy and received a first-hand tour of Russia’s first Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). It was truly a privilege to witness the behind-the-scenes operation of an NPP and to see the amount of effort channeled into operational safety and security at the NPPs. But more than that, it was a lovely drive through the beautiful city of Moscow.”
“This trip has been nothing short of exciting, fascinating and eye-opening. I’m especially grateful for the warm and wonderful welcome we received from the Rosatom team. They’re amazing! I can’t wait to learn and explore more of Moscow with them,” Munachimso Oguine added.
Young Nigerians also benefit from educational opportunities in Russia, particularly at Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), a key partner of Rosatom.
TPU offers comprehensive programs in nuclear energy and nuclear medicine, which are crucial for building a skilled workforce for Nigeria’s nuclear sector. TPU’s international programs play a pivotal role in preparing students from Africa, including Nigeria, for careers in nuclear energy, safety, and medicine.
Many Nigerian students studying at TPU or having graduated from its programs are expected to contribute significantly to advancing Nigeria’s nuclear ambitions.
While there are valid concerns and complexities associated with nuclear energy development, Rosatom’s contributions to Africa, and particularly Nigeria, are substantial and impactful. From advancing nuclear infrastructure and promoting educational exchange to enhancing safety and technology,
Rosatom’s efforts reflect a deep commitment to supporting Africa’s energy and technological needs. A balanced view that acknowledges these contributions is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of Rosatom’s role in the region.