“Revisiting General Ibrahim Babangida’s Legacy: A Balanced Perspective” by Dare ADELEKAN

I am taking a closer look at the legacy of General Ibrahim Babangida, Nigeria’s former military head of state. With the recent release of his book, “A Journey in Service,” I am revisiting the highs and lows of his administration.

Economic Reforms and Private Sector Growth

General Babangida’s regime is often credited with significant economic reforms that paved the way for private sector growth in Nigeria. His administration implemented various policies aimed at liberalizing the economy, including:

– *Privatization*: The privatization of state-owned enterprises to encourage competition and efficiency.

– *Liberalization*: The liberalization of trade and commerce to promote economic growth.

– *Commercialization*: The commercialization of state-owned enterprises to make them more profitable.

– *IMF Reforms*: The adoption of IMF-backed reforms to stabilize the economy and attract foreign investment.

These policies had a significant impact on the Nigerian economy, increasing the private sector’s contribution to the country’s GDP. The effects of these reforms are still evident today, with the private sector playing a vital role in driving economic growth in Nigeria.

Restoration of Diplomatic Ties with Israel
General Babangida also played a crucial role in restoring Nigeria’s diplomatic ties with Israel. After Nigeria severed diplomatic ties with Israel in 1973, following the Yom Kippur War, General Babangida’s administration re-established diplomatic relations in September 1992.

Social and Economic Development Programs

In pursuit of a new socio-economic order, General Babangida introduced several programs aimed at promoting social and economic development. Some of these programs include:

– *MAMSER (Mass Mobilization for Self-Reliance, Social Justice, and Economic Recovery)*: A program aimed at promoting self-reliance, social justice, and economic recovery.

– *DFFRI (Directorate of Foods, Roads, and Rural Infrastructure)*: A program aimed at improving food production, rural infrastructure, and road networks.

– *People’s Bank*: A bank established to provide financial services to low-income individuals and small-scale entrepreneurs.

– *Community Banks*: Banks established to provide financial services to rural communities and promote grassroots economic development.

State Creation and Foreign Policy*
During his tenure, General Babangida created several new states, including Akwa Ibom and Katsina. He also played a key role in shaping Nigeria’s foreign policy, particularly in the areas of regional cooperation and conflict resolution.

Early Career and Bravery*
General Babangida’s bravery and fearlessness were evident early in his career. In 1976, he played a key role in quelling the coup attempt that assassinated General Murtala Mohammed.

Contribution to National Unity*
General Babangida’s commitment to national unity is exemplified by his role in the Nigerian Civil War. He fought tirelessly for an indivisible Nigeria, suffering injuries that would leave him with lifelong health challenges.

Challenges of Leadership*
During his tenure, General Babangida faced several challenges that tested his leadership. Some of these challenges include:
– *The Death of Dele Giwa*: The murder of Dele Giwa, a renowned journalist, via a letter bomb in 1986. Giwa was a pioneer of investigative journalism in Nigeria and introduced corporate dressing to journalism in the country.
– *The Vasta Coup*: A coup attempt led by Major Gideon Orkar in 1990, which aimed to overthrow General Babangida’s government.
– *The OIC Palaver*: A controversy surrounding Nigeria’s membership in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), which sparked widespread protests and criticism.
– *The 1989 SAP Riot*: Widespread protests and riots that erupted in response to the implementation of the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP), which led to economic hardship and austerity measures.
– *The C-130 Air Crash*: A tragic air crash that occurred in 1991, which resulted in the loss of several lives some military officers.

Broadcasting Industry Reforms*
General Babangida also introduced significant reforms in the broadcasting industry. He established the Broadcasting Organisation of Nigeria (BON) to commercialize the broadcasting industry and promote private sector investment. This move led to the establishment of private radio and television stations, increasing diversity and competition in the industry.

Lessons in Leadership
General Babangida’s book, “A Journey in Service,” offers valuable lessons in leadership. The book provides insight into the challenges of leadership, the importance of vision and strategy, and the need for effective decision-making. As Nigeria continues to navigate its own leadership challenges, General Babangida’s experiences and insights are more relevant than ever.

The Annulment of June 12 Presidential Election
One of the most significant controversies surrounding General Babangida’s
regime is the annulment of the June 12, 1993, presidential election, which was won by MKO Abiola. In his book, Babangida admits that Abiola won the election but claims that he annulled it to save Abiola’s life, as some top military brass didn’t like him.

Criticisms and Controversies*
Despite his admission, many Nigerians still criticize Babangida’s decision to annul the election, citing it as a major setback for the country’s democracy. Others have praised his honesty in acknowledging Abiola’s victory.

*Conclusion:*
In conclusion, General Ibrahim Babangida’s legacy is complex and multifaceted. While his administration achieved significant economic reforms and infrastructure development, it was also marked by criticisms and controversies. However, his contribution to national unity, bravery, and commitment to democracy remain important parts of his legacy. As we reflect on his legacy, it’s essential to approach the topic with nuance and balance, recognizing both the achievements and criticisms of his regime.

*Final Thoughts:*
General Ibrahim Babangida’s legacy serves as a reminder that leadership is not without its challenges and controversies. Despite the criticisms surrounding his regime, Babangida remains a significant figure in Nigeria’s history. His commitment to national unity, economic development, and democracy continues to shape the country’s trajectory. As we move forward, it’s essential to learn from the past, acknowledging both the achievements and mistakes of previous leaders.