Connect with us

society

Cybercrimes Act 2025: Nigeria’s Cybercrimes Act Deepens Inequality, Experts Warn

Published

on

Cybercrimes Act 2025: Nigeria’s Cybercrimes Act Deepens Inequality, Experts Warn. By George Omagbemi Sylvester | Published by Sahara Weekly NG Introduction

Cybercrimes Act 2025:
Nigeria’s Cybercrimes Act Deepens Inequality, Experts Warn.

By George Omagbemi Sylvester | Published by Sahara Weekly NG

Introduction

The Federal Government’s passage of the Cybercrimes (Prohibition, Prevention, etc.) (Amendment) Act 2024, now operational in 2025, heralds entrenched contradictions. On paper, the legislation aims to bring digital order and curb online abuses. In reality, however, it magnifies inequality.

Sections criminalizing online harassment (Section 22—mirroring earlier codifications in Section 24 of the 2015 Act) and publishing false or misleading information (Section 19) are presented as noble tools for accountability. When viewed through the lens of enforcement, the story changes: the poor (politically powerless, digitally exposed and legally unprotected) shoulder the blunt force of this law, while the elite effortlessly slip through its cracks.

This is not merely a legal dilemma; it is a question of justice, class and democracy in the digital age.

Part I: What the Law Prescribes.
Online Harassment and Abuse – Section 22

Under the new law, posting rude, vulgar, offensive or indecent content with intent to embarrass or humiliate others is an offense punishable by up to 2years’ imprisonment.

This is not entirely new. The Cybercrime Act of 2015 had already addressed similar conduct under Section 24 (1), which criminalized sending “grossly offensive, pornographic, indecent, obscene or menacing” messages or false communications intended to cause “annoyance, inconvenience, danger, insult or needless anxiety.” The penalty then was 3years’ imprisonment or a fine of up to ₦7 million.

Publishing False or Misleading Information – Section 19

The new provision explicitly targets “fake news.” Anyone who spreads deliberately false or misleading content online now faces up to 2years in prison.

While the intent is to protect society from deception, vague definitions leave room for abuse. What exactly constitutes “FALSE” information in a country where government officials frequently contradict themselves? Whose truth becomes the standard?

Part II: Enforcement and Inequality.
A Resource Gap.

Cybercrime is undeniably a global threat. INTERPOL’s 2025 Africa Cyberthreat Assessment shows cybercrime now constitutes more than 30% of reported crimes in some African states. Yet, 90% of African nations (including Nigeria) admit they lack the training, tools and prosecutorial capacity to handle such sophisticated threats.

Nigeria does have the Nigeria Police Force National Cybercrime Center (NPF-NCCC), which engages in awareness and coordination. The reality is that prosecutions remain sporadic, selective and unequal.

Selective Prosecution

The elite are shielded. Politically connected individuals can hire top lawyers, secure injunctions and navigate courts to avoid consequences.

For the poor, however, the law is deadly literal. A tweet born out of frustration, a WhatsApp broadcast or even a Facebook comment can be twisted into a criminal indictment. Without access to competent legal representation, many are left at the mercy of magistrates and police officers.

The Digital Divide.

Nigeria now boasts over 152 million active internet users. Yet digital literacy remains low. Millions of Nigerians are active online without a clear understanding of the risks posed by the law.

The elite enjoy the privilege of education and access. They know how to carefully word criticism, disguise satire or even hire digital strategists. The poor (especially those posting in anger, in indigenous languages or with limited education) become easy prey.

Thus, the Cybercrimes Act, instead of being an equalizing force, has deepened digital classism.

Part III: Expert Perspectives.

Several respected voices have raised alarms about the trajectory of Nigeria’s cyber legislation:

“The Cybercrimes Act’s broad language, especially its vague definitions of ‘false information,’ ‘cyberstalking,’ and ‘harassment,’ threatens free expression and open digital discourse.”

“The Act remains insufficient in shielding Nigerian citizens from arbitrary criminalization of online expression. Reform grounded in clarity, proportionality and accountability is not only necessary, but urgent.”

“Cybercrime continues to outpace the legal systems designed to stop it. 95% of countries report inadequate training, resource constraints and lack of access to specialized tools.”

These insights underscore the real crisis: misaligned priorities. Instead of investing in capacity to tackle fraud, identity theft and large-scale scams that tarnish Nigeria’s reputation globally, the government prioritizes criminalizing insult, dissent and satire.

Part IV: The Blunt Truth.

This law, stripped of diplomatic language, is crafted to suppress, not protect.

Weaponized Vagueness
Its ambiguous language is a prosecutorial dream but a citizen’s nightmare. Terms like “OFFENSIVE” and “FALSE” are inherently subjective. What offends one politician may simply be satire or truth to the masses.

Enforcement Inequality
Justice in Nigeria is not blind; it peeks. The poor, voiceless and resourceless, face the full fury of the law, while the elite maneuver their way out.

State Surveillance over Protection.
This legislation expands state power rather than defending citizens. By criminalizing broad categories of speech, it grants government a blank check to silence critics under the guise of law.

Blinding Hypocrisy.
Nigeria loses billions annually to cybercrime syndicates; international scams, fraudulent wire transfers and phishing attacks. Yet, instead of focusing on dismantling these sophisticated networks, the government invests energy in jailing youths for Facebook insults.

Cultural and Class Bias.
Nigeria is a multilingual nation. Satirical or colloquial expression in Pidgin, Hausa, Yoruba or Igbo is more likely to be misinterpreted as “ABUSE” by law enforcement steeped in formal English. Thus, class and language again shape how the law is applied.

End Note: A Call for Reform.
Nigeria’s 2025 Cybercrimes Act, birthed from the 2015 foundation, is not the protective shield it claims to be. It is a blunt instrument used less to fight genuine cybercriminals and more to muzzle ordinary citizens.

Three urgent reforms are needed:

Transparency and Clarity: The law must define “HARASSMENT,” “FALSE INFORMATION,” and “OFFENSIVE CONTENT” with surgical precision, leaving no room for abuse.

Equitable Enforcement: Legal aid for the poor, digital literacy programs and clear prosecution guidelines are non-negotiable.

Democratic Oversight: Civil society and the judiciary must act as watchdogs, ensuring that these laws are not weaponized against free expression.

Without these safeguards, the Act will continue to serve as a tool of suppression, a digital whip for the powerless and a shield for the privileged.

The principle is simple yet profound: If laws are not applied equally, they cease to be justice. Nigeria must choose whether it seeks order through fairness or chaos through selective repression.

Cybercrimes Act 2025:
Nigeria’s Cybercrimes Act Deepens Inequality, Experts Warn.
By George Omagbemi Sylvester | Published by Sahara Weekly NG
Introduction
By George Omagbemi Sylvester
Published by Sahara Weekly NG

Continue Reading
Advertisement

society

A Renewed Momentum: How the Chief of Army Staff is Repositioning the Nigerian Army for Decisive Impact

Published

on

*A Renewed Momentum: How the Chief of Army Staff is Repositioning the Nigerian Army for Decisive Impact*

By Comrade Oladimeji Odeyemi.

 

 

In times of prolonged security challenges, it is easy—almost convenient—for critics to amplify setbacks while ignoring measurable progress. Yet, across Nigeria’s diverse and complex theatres of operation, a different story is steadily unfolding: one of resilience, tactical evolution, and renewed operational effectiveness under the leadership of the Chief of Army Staff, (COAS, Nigerian Army), Lt General Waidi Shaibu.

 

What we are witnessing today is not a media hype or propaganda—it is the outcome of deliberate reforms, improved coordination, and a reinvigorated fighting spirit within the Nigerian Army.

 

*A Clear Shift in Operational Effectiveness*

 

Recent developments across, but not limited to Benue, Plateau, Borno, Yobe, Sokoto, Zamfara, Kogi, Kwara, Edo, and the South-East underscore a critical truth: the Nigerian Army under General Waidi Shaibu is not on the back foot. On the contrary, it is increasingly proactive, intelligence-driven, and responsive.

 

From the successful rescue of kidnapped civilians in Benue, to the interception of armed militias in Plateau, and the neutralisation of insurgents in Borno, the pattern is consistent—swift response, precision engagement, and tangible outcomes.

 

These are not isolated victories. They reflect:

 

– Improved intelligence gathering and utilisation.

 

– Faster troop deployment and mobility.

 

– Enhanced inter-agency collaboration.

 

– Better morale and combat readiness among personnel.

 

Such coordination, especially in asymmetric warfare, does not happen by chance. It is a direct reflection of leadership at the top.

 

*The Chief of Army Staff: Lt General Waidi Shaibu Driving Reform and Results*

 

Since assuming office, the Chief of Army Staff, Lt General Waidi Shaibu has brought a renewed sense of urgency and clarity of purpose to military operations. His leadership style appears anchored on three critical pillars:

 

*1. Operational Aggression with Discipline*

 

Troops are no longer merely reacting—they are taking the fight to criminal elements. Whether dismantling terrorist camps in the North Central states or repelling coordinated attacks in the North-East, or engaging the Unknown Gunmen in the SouthEast, the Nigerian Army is demonstrating initiative and dominance.

 

*2. Intelligence-Led Warfare*

 

Modern conflicts are won as much with information as with firepower. The increasing success in intercepting logistics suppliers, uncovering IEDs, and preempting attacks shows a system that is becoming smarter, not just stronger.

 

*3. Joint Force Synergy*

 

The collaboration between the Army, Air Force, Navy, Police, DSS, and local security groups has significantly improved. Operations in the South Eastern part of the Country and other regions highlight a unified national security architecture—something that has long been advocated but is now visibly taking shape.

 

*Addressing the Culture of Criticism*

 

It must be said plainly: criticism is not inherently wrong in a democracy. However, what is deeply problematic is the pattern of uninformed, selective outrage that ignores context, dismisses progress, and undermines morale.

 

Those who hastily label every security incident as evidence of failure often:

 

– Ignore the complexity of asymmetric warfare.

 

– Overlook the sacrifices of frontline personnel.

 

– Fail to acknowledge the vast geographical and logistical challenges involved.

 

Worse still, some narratives are built on speculation, ethnic bias, or incomplete information—such as prematurely attributing crimes to specific groups without verification.

 

This does not help the nation. It weakens it.

 

*The Reality of the Battlefield*

 

Nigeria is not facing a conventional war. The threats are:

 

– Decentralised.

 

– Embedded within local communities.

 

– Adaptive and unpredictable.

 

From insurgents and bandits to kidnappers and economic saboteurs, the battlefield is fluid. Success, therefore, must be measured not by the absence of incidents, but by the capacity to respond, contain, and degrade threats over time.

 

By this standard, the Nigerian Army is making undeniable progress.

 

*The Human Element: Courage and Sacrifice*

 

Behind every operation report is a human story—soldiers who leave their families behind, who endure harsh terrains, who confront danger daily so that millions of Nigerians can live in relative safety.

 

Some pay the ultimate price.

 

To reduce their efforts to mere statistics or dismiss them outright is not just unfair—it is unjust.

 

*A Call for National Support*

 

The progress being recorded today must be sustained, and that requires more than military effort. It demands:

 

– Public cooperation with security agencies.

 

– Responsible media reporting.

 

– Community vigilance against criminal infiltration

 

– Constructive, informed criticism where necessary.

 

Most importantly, it requires national unity in purpose.

 

*Conclusion: A Force Worthy of Confidence*

 

The Nigerian Army, under the leadership of the Chief of Army Staff, Lt General Waidi Shaibu is demonstrating that with the right direction, commitment, and strategy, meaningful progress is possible—even in the face of complex security challenges.

 

The gains may not always make screaming headlines, but they are real. They are measurable. And they are building momentum.

 

Rather than constant condemnation, what the Armed Forces deserve at this critical time is recognition, encouragement, and unwavering support.

 

Because beyond the noise of criticism lies a simple truth:

these men and women are standing between order and chaos—and they are holding the line.

 

This article was written by Comrade Oladimeji Odeyemi, an entrepreneur and an opinion moulder from Ibadan, Oyo State.

Continue Reading

society

RESPONSIBLE RESPONSE TO ALLEGATIONS AGAINST THE NIGERIAN ARMY

Published

on

RESPONSIBLE RESPONSE TO ALLEGATIONS AGAINST THE NIGERIAN ARMY By Brigadier General D.G. James (Rtd.)

RESPONSIBLE RESPONSE TO ALLEGATIONS AGAINST THE NIGERIAN ARMY

By Brigadier General D.G. James (Rtd.)

 

LAGOS — A recent publication by Sahara Reporters alleging systemic corruption, the creation of “mushroom units,” inflated budgets, and operational sabotage within the Nigerian Army has sparked concern across security and public circles.

RESPONSIBLE RESPONSE TO ALLEGATIONS AGAINST THE NIGERIAN ARMY

By Brigadier General D.G. James (Rtd.)

But a retired senior officer, Brigadier General D.G. James, has pushed back strongly, describing the claims as unsubstantiated, misleading, and damaging to the integrity of an institution that has borne the brunt of Nigeria’s internal security battles for over a decade.

 

Having served for 30 years across the North-East, North-West, and Niger Delta, the retired general said his intervention is not in defence of any individual, but of the institution itself.

 

Questioning Anonymous Claims

At the heart of the controversial report is a single unnamed source described as a “top military strategist.” General James argues that such anonymity, without corroborating evidence, weakens the credibility of the allegations.

“Serious claims about budgets, personnel, and logistics must be backed by verifiable documents, not vague assertions,” he said, challenging the publication to provide concrete proof, including records or sworn statements.

“Mushroom Units” or Operational Necessity?

The report’s claim that under-strength units were created to inflate budgets was also dismissed as a misunderstanding of modern counter-insurgency operations.

 

According to the retired officer, Nigeria’s evolving security threats — from Boko Haram and ISWAP in the North-East to banditry in the North-West and separatist tensions in the South-East, have necessitated the creation of flexible task forces and new formations.

 

“Operating below full strength is not evidence of corruption,” he said. “It reflects battlefield realities , casualties, redeployments, and expansion under pressure.”

 

Payroll and Logistics Allegations

On claims of double-counting personnel for financial gain, General James described the scenario as “logistically implausible,” citing centralized payroll systems tied to biometric verification.

He further noted that accusations of fuel diversion ignore broader structural issues within Nigeria’s budgeting system.

“Funds approved on paper are often not fully released. By the time allocations reach operational units, commanders are forced to manage limited resources,” he explained.

Reaction to Benisheik Reference

General James also condemned the report’s reference to the death of Brigadier General Oseni Braimah during an ISWAP attack in Benisheik, calling it an inappropriate attempt to link battlefield losses to alleged corruption.

“Using the death of a fallen officer to support unverified claims is deeply disrespectful,” he said.

Broader Accountability

While not dismissing the possibility of corruption in defence spending, the retired general emphasized that responsibility cannot be placed solely on the military.
He pointed to the role of the National Assembly in budget approvals and civilian institutions in oversight and prosecution.

“If there are flaws in the system, they are systemic , not exclusive to the armed forces,” he noted.

 

Call for Transparent Investigation

General James called for a thorough and independent investigation into the allegations, urging authorities to rely on verifiable evidence rather than media narratives.

“Let every claim be examined , but fairly, transparently, and without prejudice,” he said.

 

Reaffirming his lifelong loyalty to the military, the retired officer urged Nigerians to approach such reports with caution.
“Our soldiers have made enormous sacrifices in defence of this country. Allegations alone should not overshadow those realities,” he stated.

Continue Reading

society

IGP Closes PMF Commanders’ Training, Pledges Better Welfare, Tactical Capacity

Published

on

IGP Closes PMF Commanders’ Training, Pledges Better Welfare, Tactical Capacity

 

The Inspector-General of Police, IGP Olatunji Rilwan Disu, on Wednesday closed a Squadron Commanders’ Training Programme at the Police Mobile Force (PMF) Training College in Ende-Hills, Nasarawa State, vowing to strengthen leadership and operational effectiveness across the force.

At the ceremony, the IGP inspected training facilities including the simulation ground and shooting range, where he personally took part in tactical exercises. He told cadets of the Nigeria Police Academy undergoing training at the college to remain disciplined and focused, stressing that their effectiveness on the field would depend on the quality of their training.

“Resilience, professionalism, and strict adherence to human rights principles must guide your conduct,” Disu said.

Addressing the graduating squadron commanders, he urged them to apply their newly acquired skills in leadership, operational discipline, and tactical efficiency. He described the PMF as a “highly disciplined, responsive, and reliable tactical arm” of the Nigeria Police Force.

The IGP further reaffirmed his commitment to improving officers’ welfare and boosting operational capacity, assuring that formations would be adequately equipped to tackle evolving security challenges nationwide.

 

IGP Closes PMF Commanders’ Training, Pledges Better Welfare, Tactical Capacity

Continue Reading

Cover Of The Week

Trending