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Peace is not the opposite of War: What options for the Niger Republic? By Jimoh Ibrahim PhD (War), CFR

Published

9 months ago

August 15, 2023

Sahara Weekly

Opinion: Is social science a science or some conjecture? By Jimoh Ibrahim

Peace is not the opposite of War: What options for the Niger Republic?

By Jimoh Ibrahim PhD (War), CFR

Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria

Part One: Introduction

Peace and war are matters of insecurity. Living with insecurity is the only security, perhaps for those who studied War! Even in the most hospitable circumstances, the human condition is precarious because we are all unavoidably exposed. Human nature is flawed, and perfect security cannot exist in any human society. Yet to be forgotten even when you may not like him is Hobbes’ ‘state of nature,’ every human being is a potential threat because the struggle for survival in a world of limited resources is a ‘war of all against all,’ Hobbes thought that putting a government in place is an excellent way of guaranteeing security!

In a world without a government to enforce order – a condition that Hobbes calls the state of nature – every human must be vigilant against threats to survival. A world without Government, he claims, forces humanity into a constant state of war because there is no way to trust in the excellent or peaceful intentions of others. We must always be on our guard lest we be attacked. This condition – in which no ruler or judge can resolve disputes and establish security – is anarchy. In an anarchic world, Hobbes argues that our lives must revolve around survival, leaving no time for agriculture, the arts, or sciences conditions of anarchy; Hobbes says, ‘the life of man [is] solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.

Peace is not the opposite of War: What options for the Niger Republic?

By Jimoh Ibrahim PhD (War), CFR

But does having a government in the last twenty years make a difference? This is because and according to me, the Nigeria Boko Haram insurgency underscores the Hobbesian thesis of man’s aggressiveness in the state of nature that requires the leviathan’s intervention. The Nigerian Government’s failure to provide public goods led to the emergence of the Boko Haram insurgency. The citizens contest their rights to life (now in danger), withdrawing their loyalty and support from the Government and the Armed forces. A praxis explains the power shift from the Nigerian Government to the identified local group (Boko Haram). The shift accompanies ongoing violence between soldiers and the insurgents resulting in mass civilian casualties, genocide, systemic rape, and unquantifiable property destruction fostering human insecurity. The above narrative makes the statement relevant that studying and knowing how to live with insecurity is the only security!

Insecurity is pervasive in the international realm. For instance, the international system is anarchic, and no single authority can remit uncertainty. We move from the dynamics of abuse of power as we saw in Darfur, where Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir was charged by the International Criminal Court (ICC) with war crimes against humanity. The violence has also forced some 2.5 million people − mostly farmers and villagers from non-Arab groups – to flee their homes. So was the American-led Illegal invasion of Iraq in 2003 to the insecurity creation of intervention and collision of the value of security paradigms in human, national and geocentric systems-the intervention in Iraq (1990), Bosnia (1995), and Afghanistan (2001) were intended to preserve the territorial status quo and restore sovereign control to legitimate governments. (In Kuwait, Sarajevo, and Kabul), intervention in Kosovo (1999) was intended to protect the Kosovar (Albanian) minority even at the risk of partitioning the (rump) federal Yugoslav state (Serbia-Montenegro).

All are empirical evidence of insecurity globally. Issues of the ongoing killing by Boko Haram and collaboration of the insurgent with the new formation of the Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) and its expanding activities in the West Africa Sub-region. (Where Boko Haram killed the President of Chad recently) forcefully explaining the failure of the leviathan to protect citizens and himself! in developing countries, what is more, is the powerful justification for our new concern that How to live with insecurity is the only security at least known in the West African sub-region.

Is peace the opposite of War? See part two of this article. Again, is Niger a sovereign state to which intervention can be made impossible? What option, war or peace? and is sovereignty, not hypocrisy? See part three of this article. If you miss any part, send an email requesting the missing part to my University of Cambridge life email address ifj21@cantab.ac.uk

Jimoh Ibrahim holds PhD in Modern War Studies and just completed BSc in International Relations (Second Class Upper Division) from the London School of Economics LSE, the University of London. He holds nine other University degrees from the University of Cambridge, Oxford, Harvard, Ife etc. He is currently at the 10th National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria as a Senator representing Ondo South senatorial district.

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Related Topics:Featured Jimoh Ibrahim peace War

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Sahara weekly online is published by First Sahara weekly international. contact saharaweekly@yahoo.com

celebrity radar - gossips

Court Remands Prince Humble, Micheal Okoh, Prof Oma, Others in Kuje As Jesam’s Legal Team Clears The Air (Video)

Published

5 hours ago

May 13, 2024

Sahara Weekly

Stop Press! Jesam Michael, AAS Investors Are Aggrieved

Court Remands Prince Humble, Micheal Okoh, Prof Oma, Others in Kuje As Jesam’s Legal Team Clears The Air (Video)

https://youtube.com/watch?v=rFCyVLlwH1Q&si=qD5HbY__H0iYzuR5

The lingering allegation of cyberbullying, cyber stalking against Humble Prince Etang, Donald Micheal Ubi, Dennis Okoi and Michael Okoh at the Federal High Court has been adjourned till May, 22nd and the accused remanded at Kuje prison.

Justice Joyce Abdumalik who was saddled with the responsibility of hearing the case filed by the IGP on behalf of Jesam Michael against the accused ordered the remand of the accused in the Kuje Correctional Centre until May 22nd, when the case is slated to come up for hearing and bail application verdict.

It would be recalled that the CEO of Afriq Arbitrage System, Jesam Michael, was the complainant at the Federal High Court, Abuja. Michael had petitioned the Inspector General of Police (IGP), accusing Humble Prince Eta, Donald Michael, Fifeyin Awajumo and Michael Okoh of cyberbullying and cyber stalking.

He alleged that the five individuals circulated some messages against him on Facebook and WhatsApp in April where the accused who were never investors of the company threatened him, his family, workers and put up several incriminating lies against his person. They were picked up by the police where some shocking discovery was unearthed.

Meanwhile, the legal team of Jesam Michael and Afriq Arbiritage System, Barrister Obeten revealed that justice will be served. He also cleared the air on the alleged assault of Maxwell Opara by his client. He said his action is tantamount to contempt of court as a lawyer does not have the right to judge a case he is involved in. He admitted that his actions are strange to the legal profession and that cases are not won on social media but in court.

Watch Video:

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https://youtube.com/watch?v=rFCyVLlwH1Q&si=qD5HbY__H0iYzuR5

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celebrity radar - gossips

Meet the hottest star actress*

Published

2 days ago

May 11, 2024

Sahara Weekly

Meet the hottest star actress

Lawrence Valerie Ebere, is an entertainer per excellence, she is also a model, dancer, and content creator.

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She has feature in the following movie:

Love lace
Shanty Town
Battle on Bukka street
Leaked
Visa on Arrival
Dillema
Mother’s lie
Imole
My siblings and I
First day
Chilled Revenge
The three of us
My dad and I
Just Us
The Ploy
Red card
Africa dream reality
Channel 77
Mr Wonderful

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To mention but few.

Pictures collections

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Stop Press! Jesam Michael, AAS Investors Are Aggrieved

Published

4 days ago

May 10, 2024

Sahara Weekly

Stop Press! Jesam Michael, AAS Investors Are Aggrieved

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Recently, a popular Nollywood actress Shan George was defrauded of her N3.6m from her account and the expression of her distress and frustration was best imagined on her social media page as she cried physically for help. Now imagine a scenario where a CEO was defrauded of a whooping sum of $87m belonging to investors from different parts of the world! How would you feel if you were in the CEO’s shoes?

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That best explained the pains, anger and annoyance of Jesam Michael the CEO of AFRIQ ARBITRAGE SYSTEM and the thousands of investors across the 540 countries, states and provinces of the world whose source of livelihood was allegedly stolen by Abayomi Oluwasesan who has openly confessed to the heinous crime both at the police and a reputable court of law.

As if that was not enough, certain disgruntled elements namely Humble Prince Eta, Donald Michael, Fifeyin Awajumo and Michael Okoh started a campaign of calumny of cyberbullying and cyber stalking against an aggrieved CEO and his investors. Like paid salesmen, they fabricated falsehoods to change the narrative about Abayomi.

Interestingly, emerging facts from the accused reveal that they were not investors of AAS. That explains the anger and annoyance of Investors of AAS when a well known controversial legal practitioner Maxwell Opara was trying to doctor the truth with an erroneous narrative about the unfortunate incident. Besides, how can a lawyer who knows quite well that the matter is in a reputable court of law pass judgement in an ongoing case he is involved in by calling the accused victims of the saga? Truth be told, his utterance and actions are like a man threading the lion’s den.

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