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The Hidden Costs of Violent Protests: The Long-Term Repercussions and Who takes responsibility? David Offor

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The Hidden Costs of Violent Protests: The Long-Term Repercussions and Who takes responsibility?
David Offor

 

Violent protests have become a powerful form of political expression in recent years, but their long-term social and economic impacts are often overlooked. The recent tax protests in Kenya are a striking example of how public dissent can escalate into widespread chaos, leaving lasting wounds on society and the economy.

 

 

The Kenyan Tax Protests: From Protest to Carnage

The recently proposed tax hike in Kenya has sparked widespread protests that quickly turned violent. What started as peaceful demonstrations and a call to recall the parliamentary bill resulted in widespread chaos, including looting, damage to infrastructure, and loss of life. The economic impact was immediate and significant, with Nairobi’s Central Business District becoming deserted as businesses closed and were looted and destroyed in response to the violence. The destruction of property caused substantial financial losses, compounding the challenges faced by an already fragile economy. Moreover, the disruption led to a decline in investor confidence and a downturn in the vital tourism sector. The long-term effects remain unclear, but the immediate aftermath highlights the stark consequences of violent protests on Kenya’s economy.

 

 

Parallels in Another country,

NIGERIA: The End SARS Protests
Nigeria’s End SARS protests in 2020 echo the events in Kenya, highlighting similar socio-economic consequences. Initially a movement against police brutality which denied other non-protesting citizens the use of social and transport infrastructure, the protests later escalated into violent clashes with security forces, resulting in widespread destruction. Government buildings, private businesses, and public infrastructure were not spared. For instance, public transportation infrastructure and buses were burnt leading to a transportation crisis in Nigeria’s commercial capital, Lagos, when Nigeria finally removed expensive fuel subsidies four years later.
The negative economic impact was substantial. According to estimates, the Nigerian economy lost about $1.5 billion in the first two weeks of the protests alone. The destruction of property led to job losses, further compounding the economic hardships faced by many Nigerians and worsening whatever social situations existed before the protests. Moreover, the violence and instability deterred foreign investment for years, with businesses reconsidering their plans in a country perceived as unstable.

 

 

 

 

The Western Experience: Ruin in USA, France, Canada and Spain… Lives lost; Billions of Dollars in destruction
Advanced democracies and Western countries are not immune, either, to the socio-economic fallout of when protests turn violent. The United States, for example, experienced significant unrest following the death of George Floyd in 2020. Protests across major cities often turned violent, resulting in extensive property damage and, tragically, loss of life. Multiple deaths were recorded, both among protesters and law enforcement officers, underscoring the deadly potential of such unrest. The costs of rebuilding were immense, with insurance claims exceeding $2 billion, making it the most expensive civil unrest in U.S. history.
Similarly, protests in France, notably the Yellow Vest movement, led to widespread damage to public and private property. The economic disruption was felt across various sectors, from retail to tourism, with the government facing billions in reconstruction costs. The protests also resulted in several deaths, highlighting the severe human cost of violent dissent. In Spain, the 2017 Catalonia independence referendum sparked widespread protests that often turned violent. The clashes between protesters and police not only resulted in physical injuries and damage to property but also caused significant economic disruptions. The uncertainty surrounding the region’s political future led to a flight of businesses, with many companies relocating their headquarters out of Catalonia to avoid instability.
The tourism sector, a major contributor to Catalonia’s economy is still suffering. The images of violent confrontations broadcast worldwide led to a decline in tourist arrivals, affecting hotels, restaurants, and other businesses reliant on tourism. The broader Spanish economy felt the ripple effects, highlighting how regional unrest can have national implications.
In early 2022, Canada’s “Freedom Convoy” protests against COVID-19 vaccine mandates culminated in a blockade of critical border crossings, including the Ambassador Bridge, a vital trade artery between the U.S. and Canada. The blockade caused significant economic disruption, halting the flow of goods and costing millions of dollars in trade losses each day.

 

 

 

Manufacturing industries on both sides of the border suffered, with auto plants forced to shut down due to parts shortages. The economic impact was swift and severe, highlighting the vulnerability of supply chains to such disruptions. The blockade underscored the broader risks to economic stability when protests target critical infrastructure and the government had to employ the use of force to quell the protests leading to several arrests, and blocking of accounts of many who took part in, or funded – actively and passively, the protests even months after. Fortunately, no deaths were recorded during the Canadian protests, but the economic and social strain was considerable.

 

 

 

The Hong Kong Protests: A City in Turmoil and loss of regional economic status
Hong Kong’s pro-democracy protests in 2019-2020 present another vivid example. Initially sparked by an extradition bill, the protests escalated into a broader movement against perceived erosion of freedoms. The protests frequently turned violent, with clashes between protesters and police causing widespread disruption.
Hong Kong’s economy, already under pressure from global trade tensions, took a significant hit. Retail sales plummeted, with major shopping districts seeing sharp declines in foot traffic. The tourism sector, a cornerstone of Hong Kong’s economy, faced a steep drop in visitors. Airlines reported reduced flight bookings, and hotels saw occupancy rates fall dramatically.
The long-term damage to Hong Kong’s reputation as a stable financial hub cannot be overstated. Businesses and investors grew wary of the continued unrest, leading to capital flight and a reconsideration of Hong Kong as a base for regional operations.

The Trump Coup Attempt: Democracy Under Siege reminiscent of similar protests
The January 6th, 2021, storming of the U.S. Capitol by supporters of then-President Donald Trump marked a dark day for American democracy. No one believes such could happen in theUnited States of America of all places. The violent attempt to overturn the results of a democratic election not only led to loss of life and extensive property damage but also struck at the very heart of democratic principles. Five deaths were directly linked to the events of that day, including both protesters and law enforcement personnel. The economic impact, though secondary to the political crisis, included millions in damages and heightened security costs – all still borne by the American people.
This incident highlights the dangers of using protests to attempt a change in government through unconstitutional means. The attempt to force a change in a democratically elected government undermines the rule of law and the tenets of democracy, setting a dangerous precedent for future unrest.

Protests gone Wrong: The Hidden Costs
The economic damage and loss of lives from violent protests is just the tip of the iceberg. The deeper, more insidious costs lie in the erosion of social cohesion and trust. In Kenya, Nigeria, and other affected countries, the aftermath of such protests has left communities divided, with deep-seated grievances often leading to further instability.

Moreover, the focus on rebuilding physical infrastructure after the protests often overshadows the need to address the underlying issues that led to the protests. Governments end up having to divert funds from critical social programs to repair damaged property and infrastructure, putting further stress on the people and exacerbating socio-economic inequalities and perpetuating a cycle of unrest.

The Need for Government Intervention
While the right to protest is a fundamental democratic principle, the manner in which dissent is expressed can have profound implications. In cases where protests devolve into violence, it becomes necessary for governments to step in with force to restore order. The use of force, though often controversial, is sometimes crucial to prevent further destruction and to protect lives and property.
No responsible government can stand by while nefarious elements exploit legitimate protests to destabilise a country. Such elements often aim to force a change in government through unconstitutional means, undermining the very fabric of democracy. Governments must act decisively to ensure that the rule of law is upheld, and that the democratic process is protected. Allowing violent protests to go unchecked risks setting a dangerous precedent where force becomes a means to achieve political ends.

What is the way forward?
While the right to protest is essential, citizens must also bear the responsibility of ensuring that their actions do not lead to violence and destruction. Protests that are increasingly more often hijacked by nefarious elements seeking to destabilise governments through unconstitutional means only serve to undermine the legitimate grievances of the populace.
On the other hand, constructive dialogue between governments and citizens remains crucial. Addressing the root causes of discontent through reform and engagement can prevent the escalation of tensions but citizens must also know when to rein in their protests. A government elected by the entire population should not be removed through the back door by elements who choose not to use the polls to exercise their rights. Governments must however be proactive in responding to the needs of their people, and citizens must engage in peaceful and responsible advocacy.
As we reflect on the lessons from recent history, it is clear that the true cost of violent protests extends far beyond the immediate scenes of destruction. It is a cost borne by society as a whole, with repercussions that can last for generations – a one step forward, many steps backwards scenario. Through responsible protest and effective governance, the socio-economic fabric of society can be preserved and strengthened, ensuring a stable and prosperous future for all.

David Offor is a student of Political science and public policy with a key interest in citizen rights, public affairs and global diplomacy

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Lagos Assembly moves to end perennial landlord-tenant crisis

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Lagos Assembly moves to end perennial landlord-tenant crisis
…As Obasa promises to continue enacting laws that will benefit society

 

Towards improving the typically fractious landlord-tenant relationship in Lagos State, a bill for a law to regulate the relationship between the two parties, including the procedure for the recovery of premises, has scaled through second reading during plenary on Thursday in the House of Assembly.
If passed into law, the bill, which seeks to redefine the legal framework governing tenancy agreements, rights, responsibilities, and the processes for eviction in the state, will ensure that all stakeholders—tenants, landlords, and agents—understand their rights and obligations.

Providing an insight into the bill, Hon. Sa’ad Olumoh (the Member representing Ajeromi-Ifelodun Constituency 01) noted that the proposed legislation is designed to bring clarity and sanity to tenancy matters in Lagos State. Also, the bill, he said, will promote harmony between landlords and tenants by unambiguously stipulating defined payment structures such as annual and monthly rent options, procedures for eviction notices, and the roles and responsibilities of agents, landlords, and tenants, while providing legal clarity for the courts in adjudicating tenancy-related disputes.

Similarly, Hon. Aro Moshood (the member representing Ikorodu 02) described the bill as timely and people-oriented, and argued for the provision of an enforcement body that can discipline landlords who collect arbitrary rents beyond what the law prescribes. He added that the law will ease the burden on tenants and help them plan their finances without undue pressure.

Describing the bill as a welcome development because it spells out the rights of landlords including issues around tenement rates, land use charges, and other levies while also affirming the rights of tenants and the jurisdiction of the courts in tenancy matters, Hon. Femi Saheed (the member representing Kosofe 02) said, “This law is long overdue and will modernize housing relationships in Lagos.”
Other members who spoke in favour of the bill lauded it for being inclusive and comprehensive because it addresses all aspects of tenancy, from agent engagement to rent payment terms and dispute resolution.

In his remarks, the Speaker, Rt. Hon. (Dr.) Mudashiru Ajayi Obasa noted the necessity of considering both tenants and landlords. He urged the House to consider tenants who may only be able to pay rent upon receiving End-of-the-Year bonuses and annual Leave allowances.

Speaker Obasa also highlighted the rising cost of building materials and the importance of rental income for many landlords. He, therefore, stressed the need for the government to review its promises on housing delivery and ensure they are fulfilled.

Following the conclusion of deliberations, the bill was committed to the Committee on Housing for further legislative scrutiny. The Committee is expected to report back in three weeks.

Meanwhile, Speaker Obasa has promised that the House will continue to make laws that will benefit society. He stated this during the second reading of “A Bill for a Law to Provide for the Registration of Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage (Except Marriage under the Act) in Lagos State and for Other Connected Matters.”
The proposed bill aims to streamline the legal framework for marriage documentation and ensure accurate record-keeping for marriages and divorces across the state, including for administrative and official verification purposes.

Speaking on the bill, Hon. Oladipo Ajomale, the Oshodi Isolo 02 representative, stated that many marriage-related legal cases are often complex for legal practitioners due to unclear documentation. Therefore, he said that if this bill is passed into law, it will simplify legal processes around marriage registration and dissolution; assist embassies and foreign missions in verifying marital status during visa applications, and support uniform marriage record systems especially across the IBILE division (Ikorodu, Badagry, Ikeja, Lagos Island, and Epe).

Hon. Abiodun Tobun (the member representing Epe 01) described the bill as progressive and in line with modern standards of marriage regulation, as it provides both husband and wife with a clear understanding of their rights under customary marriage and empowers them to enter and exit marriages within the boundaries of the law. However, he expressed concerns over individuals who interfere with marriage proceedings and suggested that the bill should include penalties for such intrusions.

Emphasising the need for a proper marriage database, Hon. Bonu Solomon (Badagry Constituency 01) noted that Lagos State is moving towards aligning with global best practices in marriage regulation.
While noting that any marriage dissolution must go through a court intervention for legality and fairness, Hon. Solomon proposed that sanctions for single mothers who end marriages without legal backing and husbands who neglect their marital responsibilities should be included in the Bill.

Hon. Omolara Olumegbon (the member representing Lagos Island 01) pointed out the importance of child welfare and called for the inclusion of a provision for full child support, especially in cases of broken marriages, to ensure that minors are adequately cared for under the Law.
Speaker Obasa, thereafter, committed the bill to the Committee on Judiciary, Human Rights, Public Petitions, and the Lagos State Independent Electoral Commission (LASIEC) for further deliberations.

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2027: Group Launches ‘I-Vote Movement’ To Mobilise Nigerians For People-Centred Leadership

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2027: Group Launches ‘I-Vote Movement’ To Mobilise Nigerians For People-Centred Leadership

Ahead of the 2027 general elections, a group of concerned Nigerians on Thursday launched a movement named the I-Vote Movement 2027 to galvanise citizens, especially young people and women, towards building a new political consciousness and reclaiming Nigeria from the current leadership.

At a press conference held in Abuja on Thursday, the National Coordinator of the Movement, Comrade Ishaya Inuwa Darkwa, expressed his frustration over the high rate of poverty among Nigerians.

According to him, the promises made under the Renewed Hope agenda of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration have largely translated into “hopelessness,” as economic realities continue to deteriorate for millions.

He criticised what he called “unplanned economic policies” that have worsened the living conditions of ordinary Nigerians, citing empirical data to back up his claims.

He said: “You will agree with me that our nation is at a standstill. Nothing is working at the moment and the Renewed Hope we were promised is now Hopeless

“Since the beginning of this year, a critical question has been resonating across Nigeria: “Am I better off today than I was yesterday?” For the vast majority of Nigerians, this is not a rhetorical exercise but a stark, lived reality, whispered in homes fractured by hunger and screamed in the silent desperation of stalled ambitions.

“From the bustling arteries of Lagos to the tranquil villages of Lafia, the answer, tragically, is a resounding no. Since the return to democratic governance in 1999, despite five presidents promising a brighter dawn, each new regime seems to bring less hope and more profound hardship.

“Instead, Nigerians have largely received a relentless succession of economic experiments, a recurring drama surrounding fuel subsidies that consistently ends in public pain, a notoriously fragile national currency, and a poverty rate that has ballooned to alarming and unprecedented levels.

“A litre of petrol that cost ₦11 in 1999 now sells for over ₦700. The naira, once at ₦80 to the dollar, now hovers around ₦1,528. Inflation is soaring above 22%, with food inflation crossing 40%. Over 133 million Nigerians live in multidimensional poverty. These are not just numbers; they are lived traumas”.

Darkwa lamented that the Tinubu-Shettima administration’s simultaneous removal of fuel subsidies and the floating of the naira without adequate safety nets triggered widespread economic pain: skyrocketing transport fares, school dropouts, closure of small businesses, and mass hunger.

He said the I-Vote Movement represents more than just another political campaign.

The movement, he explained, will activate its structures and grassroots networks to build an inclusive, intergenerational coalition focused on national rebirth. It will transcend party lines, ethnic identities, and elite interests.

Darkwa said the movement would prioritise local content development, social equity, and participatory governance while championing the interests of struggling families and marketplace traders—not just corporate boardrooms.

He urged Nigerian youths, women, and citizens of conscience to join the movement.

“The time has come for Nigeria to break free from the unending cycle of recycled promises and empty political slogans. The way forward demands more than cosmetic reforms; it requires a complete shift in how we approach leadership, governance, and nation-building. This is why the ADC Coalition is a welcome development—it presents a timely opportunity for collaboration toward a shared national vision.

“However, for it to be truly transformative, we must go beyond familiar faces and entrenched structures. The coalition must neutralise personalities and instead amplify a new generation of leaders—especially young people and women—across all party organs and strategic decision-making platforms.

“Our future must not be built around the politics of name recognition but around the passion, competence, and sincerity of those who are ready to rebuild this nation from the ground up.

“The Movement for a New Nigeria is not a campaign—it is a revolution of conscience. It is not powered by politicians, but by reformers—visionaries, grassroots organisers, policy thinkers, street educators, community mobilizers, and everyday Nigerians who are tired of waiting and ready to act.

“We will activate all our national structures to mobilise a people-driven movement unlike anything Nigeria has ever witnessed. This movement will transcend party lines and ethnic identities; it will be inclusive, intergenerational, and intentional. We will work with anyone—regardless of their background—who is genuinely committed to the transformation of our country.

“Our vision is simple but powerful: a Nigeria where leaders are accountable, where policies serve the people, and where every citizen—young, old, male, female—can live with dignity, opportunity, and hope.

“To the Nigerian youth, to every woman who bears the burden of a failing system, and to every man and woman of good conscience: this is your moment. This is your call to action. The dream of a prosperous Nigeria is not dead—it is just waiting for people like you to rise. We must refuse to be spectators in our own story. Let us link arms, lend our voices, and build a nation where our children can dream without fear”, he said.

Also speaking, Comrade Ibiang Limus, from the New Nigeria Initiative; Comrade Da Sam Odeli, the movement’s coordinator; and Prince Adebola Adekoya, the founder and Convener of the defunct Alliance For New Nigeria, called on the Nigerians to key into the movement’s objectives to wrestle from the current leadership of the country.

2027: Group Launches 'I-Vote Movement' To Mobilise Nigerians For People-Centred Leadership

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Nigeria in Reverse: How Tinubu’s APC Borrowed More in Two Years Than Buhari Did in Eight; With Nothing to Show for It. (Opinion)

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Nigeria in Reverse: How Tinubu’s APC Borrowed More in Two Years Than Buhari Did in Eight; With Nothing to Show for It. (Opinion)  By George Omagbemi Sylvester | Published by SaharaWeeklyNG.com

Nigeria in Reverse: How Tinubu’s APC Borrowed More in Two Years Than Buhari Did in Eight; With Nothing to Show for It. (Opinion) 

By George Omagbemi Sylvester | Published by SaharaWeeklyNG.com

When President Bola Ahmed Tinubu took over the reins of power in 2023, many Nigerians, even the skeptics, clung to a faint hope; hope that maybe, just maybe… the man who paraded himself as the “MASTER STRATEGIST” would finally change the economic trajectory of Nigeria. That hope, within two years, has been completely dashed. The data is damning and the suffering is deafening.

Under Muhammadu Buhari’s administration (2015–2023), the Nigerian government borrowed approximately ₦48 trillion. While the debt burden was heavy, it at least came with visible government intervention in the form of fuel subsidies, electricity subsidies, education support and other forms of economic cushioning that gave ordinary Nigerians a modicum of survival. Yet, even that regime was widely criticized for mismanagement, insecurity and sluggish governance.

But today, in less than two years, Bola Tinubu and his economic team (if one can even call it that) have borrowed ₦96 trillion, doubling Buhari’s eight-year debt figure without the shield of fuel subsidies, education support or telecom interventions. This is not just incompetence, it is daylight economic terrorism, weaponized against a helpless population.

“It is one thing to borrow; it is another to waste what you borrow while punishing the poor,” said economist Dr. Abubakar Sule in an interview with The Guardian. “Tinubu has weaponized suffering and made debt an addiction.”

The Illusion of Reform.
The Tinubu administration’s favorite buzzword is “REFORM.” He claimed that removing the fuel subsidy was a bold step towards economic recovery. Nigerians now know the bitter truth: the so-called subsidy removal was never about reform, but a revenue hijack.

Today, fuel prices have skyrocketed to over ₦900 per litre in some states. Transportation, food prices and basic goods have all become luxuries to the average citizen. Meanwhile, state-backed relief efforts remain largely cosmetic, if not completely non-existent.

Yet, the Tinubu led APC GOVERNMENT keeps BORROWING.

Where is the money going? Infrastructure? No. Healthcare? No. Education? Not even close. Security? Zero.

Instead, we’re seeing lavish government spending on luxury convoys, foreign trips, vanity projects like the N10 billion solar panels for Aso Rock and an obscene increase in the cost of governance. To quote Professor Pat Utomi, “This government behaves like a carnival of clowns dancing on the graves of the poor.”

The Death of Education and Social Protection.
Under Buhari, Nigeria’s public universities went on strike multiple times, but at least there were subsidies and dialogue. Under Tinubu, universities are crumbling, secondary school education is deteriorating and teachers are unpaid across several states. Yet the President recently announced scholarships for foreign students in St. Lucia, while Nigerian students sit idle in classrooms without chairs, teachers or hope.

How does a president remove educational subsidies at home and then dish out scholarships abroad? That is not statesmanship; it is state-sponsored stupidity.

In the words of Prof. Chidi Odinkalu, former chairman of the National Human Rights Commission, “We are living in a time when our leaders treat Nigeria as a burden they must escape from, not a country they are building.”

The Subsidy Lie and Economic Collapse.
When Tinubu removed fuel subsidies in May 2023, he proclaimed: “Subsidy is gone!” Nigerians cheered, hoping the savings would lead to increased capital projects, job creation and economic growth.

What has followed is an ECONOMIC HORROR MOVIE. The removal of fuel subsidy without any social cushioning measures has plunged millions into multi-dimensional poverty. According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), over 133 million Nigerians are now classified as multi-dimensionally poor. This is not just a number; it is a nation being eaten alive from within.

Worse still, the government still pays quasi-subsidies through NNPC in a complex web of opaque forex deals. According to a report by Premium Times, the government secretly paid over ₦3.6 trillion in “under-recovery” to oil marketers in the past year alone proving that subsidy is not dead, it has just changed clothes and gone underground.

So what then was the purpose of the suffering?

A Government of Borrowers and Beggars.
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) revealed in Q1 2025 that the country’s public debt now stands at over ₦121 trillion, with Tinubu’s administration accounting for ₦96 trillion of that figure. This level of borrowing in just 23 months is not only unsustainable; it is economic sabotage disguised as policy.

The Debt Management Office (DMO) has warned that the country is now spending 96% of its revenue on debt servicing. That means out of every ₦100 the government earns, ₦96 goes to repaying debt, leaving only ₦4 for education, healthcare, infrastructure and security.

This is not GOVERNANCE. This is NATIONAL ECONOMIC ENSLAVEMENT.

Agents of APC vs Agents of Change.
It must be said loud and clear: anyone who is against the coalition movement to unseat APC in 2027 is an enemy of the Nigerian people. They are either benefitting from this disaster or are complicit in its continuation. Every well-meaning Nigerian, regardless of party lines, tribe or religion, must now unite behind a people-centered coalition.

This is no longer about party politics; it is about NATIONAL SURVIVAL.

The Action Democratic Congress (ADC), Labour Party (LP), Social Democratic Party (SDP) and splinter PDP blocs forming a revolutionary alliance is not a threat to democracy, it is democracy’s last hope. The fear the ruling party is showing (blocking event venues, intimidating coalition leaders and promoting disinformation) is a confirmation that they are threatened by the truth.

“When the government is more afraid of a coalition than Boko Haram, you know the system is collapsing,” said activist and writer Aisha Yesufu.

APC Must Go: 2027 is Non-Negotiable.
The 2023 election was marred by INEC’s failure, judicial compromise and massive electoral manipulation. Despite the controversy, Bola Tinubu was sworn in; but legitimacy cannot be enforced by courts alone, it must be earned through service, competence and results.

Tinubu has failed on all three counts.

The APC has destroyed the ECONOMY, eroded HUMAN DIGNITY and CRIMINALIZED the right to PROTEST. Under their watch:

The naira collapsed from ₦450/$ to over ₦1,500/$.

Inflation soared to over 34% as of May 2025.

Food prices have more than tripled, with basic items like rice costing over ₦70,000 per bag.

Unemployment and underemployment have become the norm.

Nigerians cannot afford another four years of this nightmare. 2027 must be the end of APC and the beginning of a people-first era.

Final Word.
We must not be fooled by propaganda, token gestures or last-minute giveaways as 2027 approaches. Nigeria is on life support and the ventilator is failing. The debt crisis, the collapse of social systems and the impoverishment of the masses are all signs of a failed state in the making.

We can still change the story. The coalition is the beginning of Nigeria’s rescue mission and those who oppose it are either afraid of change or accomplices in destruction.

“When injustice becomes law, resistance becomes duty.” ~ Thomas Jefferson

In 2027, Nigerians must choose resistance. The future of over 200 million people is at stake.

#EndAPCMisrule #CoalitionForRescue #NigeriaWillRiseAgain

Nigeria in Reverse: How Tinubu’s APC Borrowed More in Two Years Than Buhari Did in Eight; With Nothing to Show for It. (Opinion) 

By George Omagbemi Sylvester | Published by SaharaWeeklyNG.com

Written by George Omagbemi Sylvester | Published by SaharaWeeklyNG.com

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