Business
Nigerian Economy Reacts to Federal Government’s 2025 Budget Increase
Nigerian Economy Reacts to Federal Government’s 2025 Budget Increase
By Femi Oyewale
LAGOS, Nigeria – A wave of reactions has trailed the decision of the Federal Government to increase the 2025 Appropriation Bill from N49.7 trillion to N54.2 trillion, citing additional revenue generated by key government agencies.
On Wednesday, President Bola Tinubu’s letters to the Senate and House of Representatives, detailing adjustments in the yet-to-be-passed budget, were read on the floors of both chambers. Senate President Godswill Akpabio referred the President’s request to the Senate Committee on Appropriations for urgent consideration, assuring that the budget would be passed before the end of February.
Tinubu originally presented a N49.7 trillion budget proposal, themed ‘Budget of Restoration: Securing Peace, Rebuilding Prosperity,’ to the National Assembly in November. The budget is underpinned by projected total revenue of N36.35 trillion, driven by improved non-oil revenue collection, expanded tax enforcement, customs duties, and independent revenues from government-owned enterprises. Oil revenue projections are based on a crude oil benchmark of $75 per barrel, a production target of 2.06 million barrels per day, and an exchange rate of N1,500 per USD.
The budget includes significant allocations to critical sectors and aims to maintain a fiscal deficit of N13.39 trillion (3.96 per cent of GDP), which will be financed through domestic and external borrowings as well as innovative public-private partnership arrangements.
Breakdown of Additional Revenue
The budget increment follows the realization of additional revenue from key government agencies: N1.4 trillion from the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), N1.2 trillion from the Nigeria Customs Service, and N1.8 trillion from other government agencies. The government emphasized that the extra funds would be directed toward strengthening key economic institutions, particularly the Bank of Agriculture and the Bank of Industry. Investments will also be channeled into the solid minerals sector and infrastructure projects to further support economic diversification.
Minister of Budget and Economic Planning, Atiku Bagudu, stated that the adjustment was made after extensive engagements between the executive arm and the National Assembly. “The Senate Committee on Appropriation, Senate Committee on National Planning, and Senate Committee on Finance established that we could generate more revenue by tasking all institutions to increase their contributions,” Bagudu explained.
Mixed Reactions from Economic Experts
Economists and financial analysts have expressed divergent views on the budget expansion.
Renowned economist and sustainability expert Marcel Okeke criticized the adjustment, stating that it was poorly timed. He argued that the changes should have been incorporated into a supplementary budget rather than altering the original budget before its passage.
“The figures that were released in December have already been analyzed and acted upon by global institutions, investors, and analysts,” Okeke stated. “Making last-minute additions portrays a lack of budgetary discipline. It would have been more appropriate to finalize the budget at the right time and introduce necessary changes later via a supplementary budget.”
Chief Economist and Partner at SPM Professionals, Paul Alaje, warned that the increased government spending might derail inflation control efforts. The government is targeting a 15 percent inflation rate in 2025, but Alaje suggested that the expanded budget could stoke inflationary pressures.
“I think it’s straightforward. The government sees additional revenue and believes it can spend more. However, beyond that, there seem to be previously omitted projects that are now being reintroduced into the budget. This level of spending might make the 15 percent inflation target unrealistic,” Alaje cautioned.
Conversely, Tunde Amolegbe, Managing Director of Arthur Steven Asset Management Limited and former president of the Chartered Institute of Stockbrokers, welcomed the development. He asserted that an ambitious budget is essential for infrastructural growth, which is a prerequisite for a productive economy.
“We cannot lift people out of poverty unless we invest in infrastructure. Our budget per capita remains significantly lower than countries with similar demographics. Government spending is crucial in raising the standard of living,” Amolegbe stated. However, he urged fiscal caution, emphasizing that Nigeria must monitor debt-to-revenue and debt-to-GDP ratios to avoid over-leverage.
A leading economist, who spoke on condition of anonymity, criticized the budget increase, suggesting that the widening fiscal deficit—now approaching N16 trillion—could harm the economy.
“With all the borrowing, the government should be looking to reduce the deficit instead of increasing spending. Over the years, we have struggled to meet revenue targets. There is no guarantee we will generate the projected revenue,” the economist stated.
Legislative Support and Next Steps
Despite concerns, the House of Representatives has backed President Tinubu’s proposal, emphasizing that the increase is justified by additional revenue from key government agencies. The budget has been referred to the Committees on Finance and Appropriations for expedited review.
Senate President Godswill Akpabio reassured Nigerians that the budget would be finalized and passed before the end of February, ensuring the government remains on track to implement its 2025 economic plans.
As the legislative process unfolds, the nation remains divided over the implications of the expanded budget. While some see it as an opportunity for enhanced economic growth, others fear it could deepen fiscal instability. The coming weeks will be critical in determining how Nigeria navigates this complex financial landscape.
Business
BUA Foods Records 91% Surge in Profit After Tax, Hits ₦508bn in 2025
BUA Foods Records 91% Surge in Profit After Tax, Hits ₦508bn in 2025
By femi Oyewale
Business
Adron Homes Unveils “Love for Love” Valentine Promo with Exciting Discounts, Luxury Gifts, and Travel Rewards
Adron Homes Unveils “Love for Love” Valentine Promo with Exciting Discounts, Luxury Gifts, and Travel Rewards
In celebration of the season of love, Adron Homes and Properties has announced the launch of its special Valentine campaign, “Love for Love” Promo, a customer-centric initiative designed to reward Nigerians who choose to express love through smart, lasting real estate investments.
The Love for Love Promo offers clients attractive discounts, flexible payment options, and an array of exclusive gift items, reinforcing Adron Homes’ commitment to making property ownership both rewarding and accessible. The campaign runs throughout the Valentine season and applies to the company’s wide portfolio of estates and housing projects strategically located across Nigeria.
Speaking on the promo, the company’s Managing Director, Mrs Adenike Ajobo, stated that the initiative is aimed at encouraging individuals and families to move beyond conventional Valentine gifts by investing in assets that secure their future. According to the company, love is best demonstrated through stability, legacy, and long-term value—principles that real estate ownership represents.
Under the promo structure, clients who make a payment of ₦100,000 receive cake, chocolates, and a bottle of wine, while those who pay ₦200,000 are rewarded with a Love Hamper. Payments of ₦500,000 attract a Love Hamper plus cake, and clients who pay ₦1,000,000 enjoy a choice of a Samsung phone or a Love Hamper with cake.
The rewards become increasingly premium as commitment grows. Clients who pay ₦5,000,000 receive either an iPad or an all-expenses-paid romantic getaway for a couple at one of Nigeria’s finest hotels, which includes two nights’ accommodation, special treats, and a Love Hamper. A payment of ₦10,000,000 comes with a choice of a Samsung Z Fold 7, three nights at a top-tier resort in Nigeria, or a full solar power installation.
For high-value investors, the Love for Love Promo delivers exceptional lifestyle experiences. Clients who pay ₦30,000,000 on land are rewarded with a three-night couple’s trip to Doha, Qatar, or South Africa, while purchasers of any Adron Homes house valued at ₦50,000,000 receive a double-door refrigerator.
The promo covers Adron Homes’ estates located in Lagos, Shimawa, Sagamu, Atan–Ota, Papalanto, Abeokuta, Ibadan, Osun, Ekiti, Abuja, Nasarawa, and Niger States, offering clients the opportunity to invest in fast-growing, strategically positioned communities nationwide.
Adron Homes reiterated that beyond the incentives, the campaign underscores the company’s strong reputation for secure land titles, affordable pricing, strategic locations, and a proven legacy in real estate development.
As Valentine’s Day approaches, Adron Homes encourages Nigerians at home and in the diaspora to take advantage of the Love for Love Promo to enjoy exceptional value, exclusive rewards, and the opportunity to build a future rooted in love, security, and prosperity.
Business
Why Nigeria’s Banks Still on Shaky Ground with Big Profits, Weak Capital
*Why Nigeria’s Banks Still on Shaky Ground with Big Profits, Weak Capital*
*BY BLAISE UDUNZE*
Despite the fragile 2024 economy grappling with inflation, currency volatility, and weak growth, Nigeria’s banking industry was widely portrayed as successful and strong amid triumphal headlines. The figures appeared to signal strength, resilience, and superior management as the Tier-1 banks such as Access Bank, Zenith Bank, GTBank, UBA, and First Bank of Nigeria, collectively reported profits approaching, and in some cases exceeding, N1 trillion. Surprisingly, a year later, these same banks touted as sound and solid are locked in a frenetic race to the capital markets, issuing rights offers and public placements back-to-back to meet the Central Bank of Nigeria’s N500 billion recapitalisation thresholds.
The contradiction is glaring. If Nigeria’s biggest banks are so profitable, why are they unable to internally fund their new capital requirements? Why have no fewer than 27 banks tapped the capital market in quick succession despite repeated assurances of balance-sheet robustness? And more fundamentally, what do these record profits actually say about the real health of the banking system?
The recapitalisation directive announced by the CBN in 2024 was ambitious by design. Banks with international licences were required to raise minimum capital to N500 billion by March 2026, while national and regional banks faced lower but still substantial thresholds ranging from N200 billion to N50 billion, respectively. Looking at the policy, it was sold as a modern reform meant to make banks stronger, more resilient in tough times, and better able to support major long-term economic development. In theory, strong banks should welcome such reforms. In practice, the scramble that followed has exposed uncomfortable truths about the structure of bank profitability in Nigeria.
At the heart of the inconsistency is a fundamental misunderstanding often encouraged by the banks themselves between profits and capital. Unknown to many, profitability, no matter how impressive, does not automatically translate into regulatory capital. Primarily, the CBN’s recapitalisation framework actually focuses on money paid in by shareholders when buying shares, fresh equity injected by investors over retained earnings or profits that exist mainly on paper.
This distinction matters because much of the profit surge recorded in 2024 and early 2025 was neither cash-generative nor sustainably repeatable. A significant portion of those headline banks’ profits reported actually came from foreign exchange revaluation gains following the sharp fall of the naira after exchange-rate unification. The industry witnessed that banks’ holding dollar-denominated assets their books showed bigger numbers as their balance sheets swell in naira terms, creating enormous paper profits without a corresponding improvement in underlying operational strength. These gains inflated income statements but did little to strengthen core capital, especially after the CBN barred banks from using FX revaluation gains for dividends or routine operations. In effect, banks looked richer without becoming stronger.
Beyond FX effects, Nigerian banks have increasingly relied on non-interest income fees, charges, and transaction levies to drive profitability. While this model is lucrative, it does not necessarily deepen financial intermediation or expand productive lending. High profits built on customer charges rather than loan growth offer limited support for long-term balance-sheet expansion. They also leave banks vulnerable when macroeconomic conditions shift, as is now happening.
Indeed, the recapitalisation exercise coincides with a turning point in the monetary cycle. The extraordinary conditions that supported bank earnings in 2024 and 2025 are beginning to unwind. Analysts now warn that Nigerian banks are approaching earnings reset, as net interest margins the backbone of traditional banking profitability, come under sustained pressure.
Renaissance Capital, in a January note, projects that major banks including Zenith, GTCO, Access Holdings, and UBA will struggle to deliver earnings growth in 2026 comparable to recent performance.
In a real sense, the CBN is expected to lower interest rates by 400 to 500 basis points because inflation is slowing down, and this means that banks will earn less on loans and government bonds, but they may not be able to quickly lower the interest they pay on deposits or other debts. The cash reserve requirements are still elevated, which does not earn interest; banks can’t easily increase or expand lending investments to make up for lower returns. The implications are significant. Net interest margin, the difference between what banks earn on loans and investments and what they pay on deposits, is poised to contract. Deposit competition is intensifying as lenders fight to shore up liquidity ahead of recapitalisation deadlines, pushing up funding costs. At the same time, yields on treasury bills and bonds, long a safe and lucrative haven for banks are expected to soften in a lower-rate environment. The result is a narrowing profit cushion just as banks are being asked to carry far larger equity bases.
Compounding this challenge is the fading of FX revaluation windfalls. With the naira relatively more stable in early 2026, the non-cash gains that once flattered bank earnings have largely evaporated. What remains is the less glamorous reality of core banking operations: credit risk management, cost efficiency, and genuine loan growth in a sluggish economy. In this new environment, maintaining headline profits will be far harder, even before accounting for the dilutive impact of recapitalisation.
That dilution is another underappreciated consequence of the capital rush. Massive share issuances mean that even if banks manage to sustain absolute profit levels, earnings per share and return on equity are likely to decline. Zenith, Access, UBA, and others are dramatically increasing their share counts. The same earnings pie is now being divided among many more shareholders, making individual returns leaner than during the pre-recapitalisation boom. For investors, the optics of strong profits may soon give way to the reality of weaker per-share performance.
Yet banks have pressed ahead, not only out of regulatory necessity but also strategic calculation.
During this period of recapitalization, investors are interested in the stock market with optimism, especially about bank shares, as banks are raising fresh capital, and this makes it easier to attract investments. This has become a season for the management teams to seize the moment to raise funds at relatively attractive valuations, strengthen ownership positions, and position themselves for post-recapitalisation dominance. In several cases, major shareholders and insiders have increased their stakes, as projected in the media, signalling confidence in long-term prospects even as near-term returns face pressure.
There is also a broader structural ambition at play. Well-capitalised banks can take on larger single obligor exposures, finance infrastructure projects, expand regionally, and compete more credibly with pan-African and global peers. From this perspective, recapitalisation is not merely about compliance but about reshaping the competitive hierarchy of Nigerian banking. What will be witnessed in the industry is that those who succeed will emerge larger, fewer, and more powerful. Those that fail will be forced into consolidation, retreat, or irrelevance.
For the wider economy, the outcome is ambiguous. Stronger banks with deeper capital buffers could improve systemic stability and enhance Nigeria’s ability to fund long-term development. The point is that while merging or consolidating banks may make them safer, it can also harm the market and the economy because it will reduce competition, let a few banks dominate, and encourage them to earn easy money from bonds and fees instead of funding real businesses. The truth be told, injecting more capital into the banks without complementary reforms in credit infrastructure, risk-sharing mechanisms, and fiscal discipline, isn’t enough as the aforementioned reforms are also needed.
The rush as exposed in this period, is that the moment Nigerian banks started raising new capital, the glaring reality behind their reported profits became clearer, that profits weren’t purely from good management, while the financial industry is not as sound and strong as its headline figures. The fact that trillion-naira profit banks must return repeatedly to shareholders for fresh capital is not a sign of excess strength, but of structural imbalance.
With the deadline for banks to raise new capital coming soon, by 31 March 2026, the focus has shifted from just raising N500 billion. N200 billion or N50 billion to think about the future shape and quality of Nigeria’s financial industry, or what it will actually look like afterward. Will recapitalisation mark a turning point toward deeper intermediation, lower dependence on speculative gains, and stronger support for economic growth? Or will it simply reset the numbers while leaving underlying incentives unchanged?
The answer will define the next chapter of Nigerian banking long after the capital market roadshows have ended and the profit headlines have faded.
Blaise, a journalist and PR professional, writes from Lagos and can be reached via: [email protected]
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