The Lootocracy: Why Nigeria Bleeds Despite Its Riches.

By George Omagbemi Sylvester | Published by SaharaWeeklyNG.com

“From SENATORS padding budgets to GOVERNORS hoarding salaries, from MINISTERS stealing oil money to ORDINARY NIGERIANS demanding bribes – CORRUPTION is not just in government, it is in the people. Nigeria’s curse is not resources, but the greed that runs through POWER and SOCIETY.”

The Grand Theft Called Governance. Nigeria, the so-called “GIANT of AFRICA,” sits on vast oil reserves, fertile land and an energetic population of over 220 million. Yet it remains one of the poverty capitals of the world. Why? Because the wealth of the nation has been consistently looted, not only by PRESIDENT’S and MILITARY RULERS, but by SENATORS, MINISTERS, GOVERNORS, LOCAL GOVERNMENT CHAIRMEN and tragically, by ORDINARY CITIZENS who participate in the culture of corruption.

According to the Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (NEITI), over $582 billion in oil revenue has disappeared through corruption and mismanagement since independence in 1960. This figure is almost double Nigeria’s current GDP. While nations like the UAE and Qatar used oil wealth to build futuristic cities, Nigeria’s leaders turned oil into a curse, looting it to build mansions in Dubai, buy apartments in London and stash billions in Swiss accounts.

As Thomas Sankara, the revolutionary leader of Burkina Faso, once said: “A soldier without any political education is a potential criminal.” In Nigeria, leaders without moral education became criminals in power.

PRESIDENT’S and HEADS of STATE: The Original Looters. It would be hypocritical to discuss looting without mentioning Nigeria’s presidents and military rulers. General Sani Abacha, who ruled from 1993 to 1998, looted an estimated $5 billion, part of which is still being repatriated from Switzerland and the U.S. today. His name remains a global synonym for kleptocracy.

Olusegun Obasanjo’s civilian regime (1999–2007), though hailed for debt relief, was dogged by corruption in privatization deals. Power sector contracts worth $16 billion vanished with little to show in electricity supply.

Goodluck Jonathan’s administration (2010–2015) witnessed unprecedented oil theft, with former Central Bank Governor Sanusi Lamido Sanusi alleging that $20 billion was missing from NNPC accounts.

Even today, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, Nigeria’s current president, is frequently accused by opposition and civil groups of building a vast political and financial empire on questionable sources, echoing the pattern of looting entrenched in Nigerian politics.

As Chinua Achebe declared in The Trouble with Nigeria: “The trouble with Nigeria is simply and squarely a failure of leadership.”

SENATORS: Millionaires in Robes. Nigeria’s National Assembly is one of the most expensive in the world. According to a 2018 report by The Economist, each Nigerian senator earns over $450,000 annually in salaries and allowances, in a country where the minimum wage is less than Us$50 (₦30,000/₦70,000, though in some states). Beyond their bloated pay, senators pad budgets, demand kickbacks for constituency projects and sometimes pocket funds for projects that never exist.

In 2020, an investigation revealed that billions allocated to “CONSTITUENCY PROJECTS” across Nigeria had either been abandoned or poorly executed. Roads that were supposed to be built remain death traps, health centers remain uncompleted and water boreholes remain dry; yet the money was collected.

Nelson Mandela once said: “Overcoming poverty is not a gesture of charity, it is an act of justice. It is the protection of a fundamental human right.” Nigerian senators, instead of fighting poverty, have institutionalized injustice.

MINISTERS and Oil Barons: The Big Thieves. No sector has been looted like Nigeria’s oil industry. Under Diezani Alison-Madueke, petroleum minister during Jonathan’s administration, billions vanished through shady oil deals. The U.S. Department of Justice seized over $144 million in assets linked to her alleged corruption, including luxury homes and jewelry.

Oil subsidies have also been a cash cow for thieves. In 2012, a government probe revealed that ₦1.7 trillion ($10 billion) was fraudulently claimed by fuel importers and government officials. Instead of subsidizing fuel for the masses, the scheme became a pipeline of wealth into private pockets.

GOVERNORS: Lords of the States. State governors, often referred to as “EMPERORS in AGBADA,” control billions in federal allocations. Many treat their states as personal estates. Former Delta State Governor James Ibori was convicted in the UK in 2012 for laundering over $250 million. In 2021, the British government returned £4.2 million of his loot.

In Plateau State, former Governor Joshua Dariye was jailed for embezzling ₦1.1 billion meant for ecological projects. Former Taraba Governor Jolly Nyame was convicted for diverting ₦1.6 billion of state funds. The list goes on.

Meanwhile, ordinary workers in these states often go months without salaries, pensioners die waiting for payments and infrastructure collapses.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT: The Forgotten Looters. At the grassroots, local government Chairmen (who should be closest to the people) often act as petty kings. Federal allocations to LGAs run into billions annually, but most Nigerians can hardly point to functioning primary schools, healthcare centers or roads built by their local governments. Instead, the funds vanish into private accounts, with no accountability.

The People’s Complicity. It is easy to point fingers at leaders, but ordinary Nigerians are also complicit. Police officers DEMAND ₦1000 bribes on the highways. Civil servants INFLATE contracts. Market women ADD “extra charges” to customers. Parents pay to SECURE jobs for their children. When corruption becomes a way of life, leadership simply reflects the people.

As Plato warned centuries ago: “The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.” Nigerians who normalize corruption are silently paving the way for more looters in power.

The Cost of Looting. The consequences of looting are everywhere. Nigeria has over 133 million people living in multidimensional poverty, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (2022). Roads are death traps, hospitals lack equipment and universities go on endless strikes. The country, once an agricultural powerhouse, now imports basic food items.

Every billion stolen is a hospital unbuilt, a school unfunded, a road unrepaired and a job lost. Looting is not an abstract crime; it kills, slowly but surely.

Nigeria’s Looting in Numbers

$582 Billion – Oil revenue lost to corruption since 1960 (NEITI).

133 Million Nigerians – Living in multidimensional poverty (NBS, 2022).

$450,000/year – What each senator earns in salaries and allowances (The Economist).

$5 Billion – Looted by General Sani Abacha alone (World Bank/DOJ).

₦1.7 Trillion ($10 Billion) – Fuel subsidy fraud uncovered in 2012.

$16 Billion – Power sector funds under Obasanjo’s watch, with little result.

£250 Million – James Ibori’s stolen wealth laundered abroad (UK conviction).

₦30,000/₦70,000 (less than $50) – Nigeria’s minimum monthly wage.

“Every billion stolen is a hospital unbuilt, a school unfunded, a road unrepaired and a job lost.”

A Call to Reckoning. Nigeria cannot continue like this. As Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Director-General of the World Trade Organization, once said: “Corruption is the single biggest obstacle to Nigeria’s development.” Until looters (from presidents to LG chairmen, from senators to citizens) are punished and systemic reforms are enforced, Nigeria will remain trapped in underdevelopment.

The people must also rise. Protests like #EndSARS showed that Nigerians can mobilize against injustice. Anger must now move beyond hashtags. Citizens must demand accountability at every level, vote out corrupt politicians and refuse to normalize bribery in daily life.

The Way Forward: Nigeria needs a rebirth. A rebirth where OIL WEALTH builds industries, not foreign mansions. Where SENATORS legislate for the people, not for their pockets. Where GOVERNORS become servants, not emperors. Where LOCAL GOVERNMENTS bring development, not decay. Where CITIZENS reject corruption in all its forms.

The looting of Nigeria’s wealth is not just a failure of government; it is a betrayal by an entire system. The time has come to end this betrayal.