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How Nigerian Banks Built a N219 Trillion Asset Empire on Depositors’ Funds

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How Nigerian Banks Built a N219 Trillion Asset Empire on Depositors’ Funds

BY BLAISE UDUNZE

In the first quarter of 2025, Nigeria’s 10 largest banks proudly reported a combined total asset base of N218.99 trillion, up from N212.75 trillion at the end of 2024, according to a report by Nairametrics published on May 19, 2025.

On paper, it looked like a victory as evidence that the sector remains robust despite inflationary headwinds, exchange rate volatility, and a struggling real economy. But beneath that glossy narrative lies a deeper, more uncomfortable truth that reveals Nigeria’s asset boom is not driven by innovation, real-sector productivity, or capital efficiency; rather, it is fueled largely by customer deposits and balance-sheet inflation.

According to data from the banks’ own filings, about N164.7 trillion, representing roughly 75.2 percent of the N218.99 trillion total asset base, came directly from customers’ deposits. In plain terms, three-quarters of the industry’s celebrated “assets” are actually liabilities owed to the public, which are deposits that banks temporarily hold, not capital they generated or invested productively.

 

Bank Customer Deposits (N Trillion)

Access Holdings / Access Bank 38.8655

Ecobank (Group) 33.2080

Zenith Bank 22.6818

United Bank for Africa (UBA) 25.6500

FBN Holdings / FirstBank Group 17.2699

GTCO (Guaranty Trust) 10.8923

Fidelity Bank 6.5990

FCMB Group 4.1254

Stanbic IBTC 3.0456

Wema Bank 2.4096

Total N164.75 trillion

This dependency on depositors’ funds reveals a system that looks rich in assets but is, in essence, shallow in innovation and weak in capital depth. At first glance, the growth appears dramatic, with the sector’s total assets jumping from N170.02 trillion in 2024, representing a 39.6 percent year-on-year rise, to nearly N219 trillion by Q1 2025. Yet, this “growth” is misleading. Much of it stems not from new value creation but from naira devaluation adjustments, inflationary expansion, and paper gains on government securities.

Banks are becoming bigger on paper, not stronger in impact. The so-called asset expansion has not translated into more affordable credit for manufacturers, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), or agribusinesses. Instead, it reflects a financial system more comfortable with passive wealth storage than active economic stimulation.

In simpler terms, Nigeria’s banks are becoming richer without making the economy stronger. Their balance sheets have ballooned, but their capital efficiency, which represents the ability to convert deposits into productive loans, remains weak.

The false appearance of size becomes even more striking when placed in a continental context. As of June 30, 2025, Standard Bank Group of South Africa, Africa’s largest financial institution, reported total assets of R3.4 trillion, equivalent to $191.8 billion. At Nigeria’s prevailing exchange rate of N1,484.50 to $1, that translates to approximately $191.8 billion × N1,484.50 = N284,983 trillion, or roughly N285 trillion. That means a single South African bank now outvalues the entire Nigerian banking industry, whose 10 largest lenders collectively hold N218.99 trillion in assets.

The comparison is humbling. It highlights how Nigeria’s asset numbers, while massive in naira terms, shrink dramatically when viewed through a global lens. While Standard Bank’s strength stems from robust capitalization, efficient risk management, diversified income streams, and strong regional investments, Nigerian banks remain largely driven by deposit inflows, short-term instruments, and FX revaluation surges.

Moreover, the disconnect between banking prosperity and economic stagnation is becoming impossible to ignore. Despite N219 trillion sitting on bank balance sheets, access to credit for manufacturers, small businesses, and startups remains prohibitively difficult. Lending rates are high, collateral demands are steep, and real-sector credit continues to shrink as a share of GDP. Manufacturing’s contribution to GDP remains in low single digits, private sector credit lags behind African peers, and inflation continues to erode the value of naira-denominated deposits. The banks’ “assets” may rise, but they are paper assets, not productive capital, rather figures that comfort shareholders but fail to transform society.

A banking system overly reliant on deposits is inherently fragile. Deposits are short-term and confidence-sensitive and can flee quickly during periods of policy uncertainty. Unlike equity or long-term capital, they offer little cushion against shocks. This overdependence creates an illusion of liquidity but hides structural weakness. Nigeria’s banks may look stable, but their foundations are vulnerable, just like a tower built on shifting sands of depositor confidence rather than the rock of sustainable capital formation.

For Nigeria’s regulators, analysts, and policymakers, the question is no longer how large the banks’ assets appear, but what those assets are doing for the economy. True strength must come from innovation in financial intermediation, capital efficiency, and credit diversification; support for real-sector growth; and regional competitiveness on the African and global stage.

Until Nigerian banks start to convert deposits into genuine development by funding infrastructure, technology, and enterprise, the industry’s trillion-naira balance sheets will remain a false hope of progress without prosperity. Nigeria’s N219 trillion banking booms may glitter, but it is a reflection of financial inflation, not economic transformation. When one South African bank commands more assets than the entire Nigerian industry combined, it is not just a comparison; it is a revelation.

It reveals how far Nigeria must go to move from deposit dependency to capital creation, from paper prosperity to real productivity, and from illusory balance sheet growth to genuine economic strength. Until that shift happens, Nigeria’s banking system will remain what it is today as a trillion-naira illusion shimmering over a weak economic base.

Blaise, a journalist and PR professional writes from Lagos, can be reached via: [email protected]

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Fidelity Bank grows gross earnings by 38% to N434.95b in Q1

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Fidelity Bank grows gross earnings by 38% to N434.95b in Q1

 

Fidelity Bank Plc recorded 37.9 per cent growth in gross earnings to N434.95 billion in first quarter 2026 as the international commercial bank continued to expand its core banking market share.

 

Interim report and accounts of Fidelity Bank for the three months ended March 31, 2026 released at the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) showed that gross earnings rose from N315.42 billion in first quarter 20025 to N434.95 billion in first quarter 2026, representing an increase of 37.9 per cent.
The top-line performance was driven by impressive growth in the bank’s core business operations with interest incomes rising by 22.8 per cent to N314.48 billion in first quarter 2026 as against N256.10 billion in first quarter 2025.

 

With net interest income at N180.97 billion, the bank closed the period with profit before tax of N92.48 billion. After taxes, net profit stood at N74.47 billion for the three-month period. Earnings per share remained high at N5.69, underlining the capacity of the bank to reward its shareholders.

 

 

The balance sheet of the bank also emerged stronger. Total assets crossed the N11 trillion mark to N11.35 trillion by March 2026 compared with N10.46 trillion recorded in December 2025. Customers’ deposits increased from N6.89 trillion to N7.38 trillion. Total equity rode on the back of earnings growth to a 27.5 per cent increase from N1.09 trillion in December 2025 to N1.39 trillion by March 2026.

 

 

The first quarter 2026 results further consolidated the strong earnings outlook of the bank, which had successfully completed its recapitalisation amidst impressive earnings performance in 2025.
Fidelity Bank had recorded double-digit growths in interest and non-interest incomes as well as key balance sheet items during the year ended December 31, 2025.

 

 

The audited report showed that gross earnings rose from N1.04 trillion in 2024 to N1.52 trillion in 2025, an increase of 45.6 per cent. Interest and similar incomes had grown by 38.7 per cent from N803.1 billion in 2024 to N1.11 trillion in 2025. Fees and commission incomes also rose by 44.7 per cent from N78.4 billion to N113.4 billion. The bank recorded net profit after tax of N242.4 billion in 2025.

 

 

The bank’s balance sheet emerged stronger with total assets rising by 18.6 per cent to N10.46 trillion in 2025 as against N8.82 trillion in 2024. Customer deposits increased by 16.1 per cent from N5.94 trillion to N6.89 trillion, reflecting continued franchise strength and an improved funding profile. Net loans and advances meanwhile declined by 2.4 per cent to N4.28 trillion in 2025 as against N4.39 trillion in 2024, attributable to customers paying down on their mature obligations.

 

 

The bank had in 2025 strengthened its capital position, with eligible capital rising to N561 billion, above the regulatory minimum of N500 billion for banks with international authorisation. In addition, capital adequacy had remained robust, with Capital Adequacy Ratio of 30.94 per cent by December 2025 as against 23.47 per cent by December 2024.

 

Managing Director, Fidelity Bank Plc, Dr. Nneka Onyeali-Ikpe, said the first quarter 2026 results reinforced the bank’s strong and resilient business model.

 

She noted that with the remarkable success of its recapitalisation programme and continuing expansion, Fidelity Bank has entered a new era of growth and impressive returns.

 

“We are on a stronger footing and confident that we will set new growth records that are reflective of our legacy and the future we are working on,” Onyeali-Ikpe said.

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FirstBank, Visa Expand Premium Card Portfolio with Visa Signature Launch

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FirstBank, Visa Expand Premium Card Portfolio with Visa Signature Launch

Designed for Nigeria’s affluent segment, Visa Signature unlocks world-class benefits through Visa’s global network across travel, lifestyle, and premium merchant offers.

 

Lagos, Nigeria – May 15, 2026 – First Bank of Nigeria Limited, in partnership with Visa, has announced the launch of Visa Signature, a premium card offering designed for Nigeria’s affluent segment. The card unlocks an exclusive portfolio of lifestyle benefits, global travel privileges, and curated merchant offers through Visa’s worldwide acceptance network, giving high-spending Nigerians a product built around how they live.

 

 

Visa Signature targets Nigeria’s top executives, business owners, and frequent international travelers who expect more from their financial products. Through Visa Global benefits and Visa Destination offers, cardholders gain access to preferential rates, premium experiences, and priority services across hundreds of partner merchants, hotels, airlines, and destinations around the world. The card supports both domestic and cross-border transactions, ensuring seamless payment experiences whether cardholders are in Lagos, London, or Dubai.

 

 

 

Commenting on FirstBank’s ambition for its premium cardholders, Chuma Ezirim, Group Executive, eBusiness & Retail Products, FirstBank, said: “At FirstBank, we are dedicated to creating financial solutions that reflect the evolving lifestyles of our customers. We understand that our premium customers aspire to experiences that reflect their global outlook. Visa Signature is crafted to meet those expectations, offering access to exclusive experiences, global connectivity, and lifestyle privileges that empower our customers to live without boundaries. We remain focused on creating value and reinforcing our position as the partner of first choice for Nigerians at home and abroad.”

 

 

Highlighting the strategic importance of the FirstBank partnership, Andrew Uaboi, Vice President and Cluster Head, West Africa, Visa, noted: “Nigeria’s affluent consumers are among the most active and globally connected spenders on the continent. Visa Signature is designed to serve that profile with the depth of benefits and the breadth of acceptance they deserve. We are delighted to work with FirstBank in making this available to the Nigerian market.”

 

 

The launch marks a strategic step for FirstBank in deepening its premium product offering. FirstBank’s existing Visa portfolio already serves millions of Nigerians across everyday retail, cross-border commerce, and online transactions through Visa Infinite, Visa Gold, Naira Credit, and Visa Prepaid cards. Visa Signature adds a dedicated tier for the affluent segment, giving this customer group the recognition and privileges their spending profile demands.

Visa Signature is available to eligible FirstBank customers. Interested customers can visit any FirstBank branch nationwide or contact their dedicated relationship manager to apply.

Visa (NYSE: V) is a world leader in digital payments, facilitating transactions between consumers, merchants, financial institutions, and government enti

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Tony Elumelu at Africa Forward Summit: “Our Youth Do Not Need Handouts”

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Tony Elumelu at Africa Forward Summit: “Our Youth Do Not Need Handouts”

 

 

 

Heirs Holdings Founder tells Presidents Ruto and Macron that Africa wants partners of substance, based on equality, and that power and infrastructure must come first.

 

 

 

At the 2026 Africa Forward Summit, convened by Kenyan President H.E. William Ruto and French President H.E. Emmanuel Macron, Heirs Holdings Founder and Group Chair, Tony O. Elumelu, CFR, delivered a direct message to a room of heads of state, investors, and global business leaders: Africa is open for partnership, not patronage.

 

 

 

“We welcome true partnership — partnerships of substance and based on equity — where Africans and African solutions catalyse Africa’s future”, he remarked.

 

 

 

Elumelu argued that Africa’s transformation hinges on two foundational investments — electricity and infrastructure — and that private capital must do the heavy lifting.

 

 

 

“The private sector is what will help us mobilise capital to drive investment in infrastructure, investment in electricity. These are two critical requirements for the economic prosperity and development of Africa,” he said. “If we create the right operating environment, we will create jobs for our people. We will alleviate poverty and deliver growth and prosperity.”

 

 

 

With more than 65 percent of Africans under 35, Elumelu pushed back hard against the traditional language of aid.

 

aid.

 

 

 

“In Africa, we have a young population. There is no room for victim mentality. Our youth do not need handouts; they need jobs, they need improved access to electricity, they need to join the internet. What is important is providing this enablement, this infrastructure requirement, so that our young ones can realise their potential.”

 

 

 

His Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF) has now provided access to training for 2.5 million young Africans and funded over 27,000 entrepreneurs across all 54 African countries — the continent’s largest entrepreneurship platform.

 

 

 

Elumelu signalled openness to every credible partner, regardless of geography.

 

 

 

“It is a good place to be at, as Africans, now. We should embrace those who want to help us catalyse growth in Africa. And let us not forget Africa is the fastest growing region globally – and it is not just demographics” he said.

 

 

 

“In the 21st century, the mindset must change. It should be a mindset that embraces economic prosperity and development, a mindset that creates the environment that will help us alleviate poverty in Africa, create jobs for our young people.”

 

 

 

Tony Elumelu’s participation at the summit aligns with Heirs Holdings’ broader commitment to driving long-term African development through strategic investments across sectors critical to economic transformation, including power, financial services, healthcare, hospitality, and technology.

 

 

 

The 2026 Africa Forward Summit concluded with renewed calls for deeper collaboration between governments, development institutions, and the private sector, as leaders exploredaid.

 

 

 

“In Africa, we have a young population. There is no room for victim mentality. Our youth do not need handouts; they need jobs, they need improved access to electricity, they need to join the internet. What is important is providing this enablement, this infrastructure requirement, so that our young ones can realise their potential.”

 

 

 

His Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF) has now provided access to training for 2.5 million young Africans and funded over 27,000 entrepreneurs across all 546 African countries — the continent’s largest entrepreneurship platform.

 

 

 

Elumelu signalled openness to every credible partner, regardless of geography.

 

 

 

“It is a good place to be at, as Africans, now. We should embrace those who want to help us catalyse growth in Africa. And let us not forget Africa is the fastest growing region globally – and it is not just demographics” he said.

 

 

 

“In the 21st century, the mindset must change. It should be a mindset that embraces economic prosperity and development, a mindset that creates the environment that will help us alleviate poverty in Africa, create jobs for our young people.”

 

 

 

Tony Elumelu’s participation at the summit aligns with Heirs Holdings’ broader commitment to driving long-term African development through strategic investments across sectors critical to economic transformation, including power, financial services, healthcare, hospitality, and technology.

 

 

 

The 2026 Africa Forward Summit concluded with renewed calls for deeper collaboration between governments, development institutions, and the private sector, as leaders explored pathways to accelerate inclusive growth and strengthen Africa’s position within the global economy.

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