Business

N4.65 Trillion in the Vault, but is the Real Economy Locked Out?

Published

2 weeks ago

April 4, 2026

Sahara Weekly

N4.65 Trillion in the Vault, but is the Real Economy Locked Out?

BY BLAISE UDUNZE

Following the successful conclusion of the banking sector recapitalisation programme initiated in March 2024 by the Central Bank of Nigeria, the industry has raised N4.65 trillion. No doubt, this marks a significant milestone for the nation’s financial system as the exercise attracted both domestic and foreign investors, strengthened capital buffers, and reinforced regulatory confidence in the banking sector. By all prudential measures, once again, it will be said without doubt that it is a success story.

Looking at this feat closely and when weighed more critically, a more consequential question emerges, one that will ultimately determine whether this achievement becomes a genuine turning point or merely another financial milestone. Will a stronger banking sector finally translate into a more productive Nigerian economy, or will it be locked out?

This question sits at the heart of Nigeria’s long-standing economic contradiction, seeing a relatively sophisticated financial system coexisting with weak industrial output, low productivity, and persistent dependence on imports truly reflects an ironic situation. The fact remains that recapitalisation, by design, is meant to strengthen banks, enhancing their ability to absorb shocks, manage risks and support economic growth. According to the apex bank, the programme has improved capital adequacy ratios, enhanced asset quality, and reinforced financial stability. Under the leadership of Olayemi Cardoso, there has also been a shift toward stricter risk-based supervision and a phased exit from regulatory forbearance.

These are necessary reforms. A stable banking system is a prerequisite for economic development. However, the truth be told, stability alone is not sufficient because the real test of recapitalisation lies not in stronger balance sheets, but in how effectively banks channel capital into productive economic activity, sectors that create jobs, expand output and drive exports. Without this transition, recapitalisation risks becoming an exercise in financial strengthening without economic transformation.

Encouragingly, early signals from industry experts suggest that the next phase of banking reform may begin to address this long-standing gap. Analysts and practitioners are increasingly pointing to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as a key destination for recapitalisation inflows, which is a fact beyond doubt. Given that SMEs account for over 70 percent of registered businesses in Nigeria, the logic is compelling. With great expectation, as has been practicalised and established in other economies, a shift in credit allocation toward this segment could unlock job creation, stimulate domestic production, and deepen economic resilience. Yet, this expectation must be balanced with reality. Historically, and of huge concern, SMEs have received only a marginal share of total bank credit, often due to perceived risk, lack of collateral, and weak credit infrastructure.

Indeed, Nigeria’s broader financial intermediation challenge remains stark. Even as the giant of Africa, private sector credit stands at roughly 17 percent of GDP, and this is far below the sub-Saharan African average, while SMEs receive barely 1 percent of total bank lending despite contributing about half of GDP and the vast majority of employment. These figures underscore the structural disconnect between the banking system and the real economy. Recapitalisation, therefore, must be judged not only by the strength of banks but by whether it meaningfully improves this imbalance.

Nigeria’s economic challenge is not merely one of capital scarcity; it is fundamentally a problem of low productivity. Manufacturing continues to operate far below capacity, agriculture remains largely subsistence-driven, and industrial output contributes only modestly to GDP. Despite decades of banking sector expansion, credit to the real sector has remained limited relative to the size of the economy. Instead, banks have often gravitated toward safer and more profitable avenues such as government securities, treasury instruments, and short-term trading opportunities.

This is not irrational. It reflects a rational response to risk, policy signals, and market realities. However, it has created a structural imbalance in which capital circulates within the financial system without sufficiently reaching the productive economy. The result is a pattern where financial sector growth outpaces real sector development, a phenomenon widely described as financialisation without productivity gains.

At the center of this challenge is the issue of credit allocation. A recapitalised banking sector, strengthened by new capital and improved buffers, should theoretically expand lending. But this is, contrarily, because the more important question is where that lending will go. Will Nigerian banks extend long-term credit to manufacturers, finance agro-processing and value chains, and support scalable SMEs or will they continue to concentrate on low-risk government debt, prioritise foreign exchange-related gains, and maintain conservative lending practices in the face of macroeconomic uncertainty? Some of these structural questions call for immediate answers from policymakers.

Some industry voices are optimistic that the expanded capital base will translate into a broader loan book, increased investment in higher-risk sectors, and improved product offerings for depositors; this is not in doubt. There are also expectations that banks will scale operations across the continent, leveraging stronger balance sheets to expand their regional footprint. Yes, they are expected, but one thing that must be made known is that optimism alone does not guarantee transformation. The fact is that without deliberate incentives and structural reforms, capital may continue to flow toward low-risk assets rather than high-impact sectors.

Beyond lending, experts are also calling for a shift in how banking success is measured. The next phase of reform, according to the experts in their arguments, must move from capital thresholds to customer outcomes. This includes stronger consumer protection frameworks, real-time complaint management systems and more transparent regulatory oversight. A more technologically driven supervisory model, one that allows regulators to monitor customer experiences and detect systemic risks early, could play a critical role in strengthening trust and accountability within the system.

This dimension is often overlooked but deeply significant. A banking system that is well-capitalised but unresponsive to customer needs risks undermining public confidence. True financial development is not only about capital strength but also about accessibility, fairness, and service quality. Nigerians must feel the impact of recapitalisation not just in improved financial ratios, but in better banking experiences, more inclusive services, and greater economic opportunity.

The recapitalisation exercise has also attracted notable foreign participation, signaling confidence in Nigeria’s banking sector. However, confidence in banks does not necessarily translate into confidence in the broader economy. The truth is that foreign investors are typically drawn to strong regulatory frameworks, attractive returns, and market liquidity, though the facts are that these factors make Nigerian banks appealing financial assets; it must be made explicitly clear that they do not automatically reflect confidence in the country’s industrial base or productivity potential.

This distinction is critical. An economy can attract capital into its financial sector while still struggling to attract investment into productive sectors. When this happens, growth becomes financially driven rather than fundamentally anchored. The risk therefore, is that recapitalisation could deepen Nigeria’s financial markets but what benefits or gains when banks become stronger or liquid without addressing the structural weaknesses of the real economy.

It is clear and explicit that the current policy direction of the CBN reflects a strong emphasis on stability, with tightened supervision, improved transparency, and stricter prudential standards. These measures are necessary, particularly in a volatile global environment. However, there is an emerging concern that stability may be taking precedence over growth stimulation, which should also be a focal point for every economy, of which Nigeria should not be left out of the equation. Central banks in emerging markets often face a delicate balancing act and this is putting too much focus on stability, which can constrain credit expansion, while too much emphasis on growth can undermine financial discipline, as this calls for a balance.

In Nigeria’s case, the question is whether sufficient mechanisms exist to align banking sector incentives with national productivity goals. Are there enough incentives to encourage long-term lending, sector-specific financing, and innovation in credit delivery? Or does the current framework inadvertently reward risk aversion and short-term profitability?

Over the past two decades, it has been a herculean experience as Nigeria’s economic trajectory suggests a growing disconnect between the financial sector and the real economy. Banks have become larger, more sophisticated and more profitable, yet the irony is that the broader economy continues to struggle with high unemployment, low industrial output, and limited export diversification. This divergence reflects the structural risk of financialization, a condition in which financial activities expand without a corresponding increase in real economic productivity.

If not carefully managed, recapitalisation could reinforce this trend. With more capital at their disposal, banks may simply scale existing business models, expanding financial activities that generate returns without contributing meaningfully to production. The point is that this is not solely a failure of the banking sector; it is a systemic issue shaped by policy design, regulatory priorities, and market incentives, which needs the urgent attention of policymakers.

Meanwhile, for recapitalisation to achieve its intended purpose and truly work, it must be accompanied by a deliberate shift or intentional policy change from capital accumulation to productivity enhancement and the economy to produce more goods and services efficiently. This begins with creating stronger incentives for real sector lending with differentiated capital requirements based on sector exposure, credit guarantees for high-impact industries, and interest rate support for priority sectors can encourage banks to channel funds into productive areas and this must be driven and implemented by the apex bank to harness the gains of recapitalisation.

This transformative process is not only saddled with the CBN, but the Development finance institutions also have a critical role to play in de-risking long-term investments, making it easier for commercial banks to participate in financing projects that drive economic growth. At the same time, one of the missing pieces that must be taken into cognizance is that regulatory frameworks should discourage excessive concentration in risk-free assets. No doubt, banks thrive in profitability, as government securities remain important; overreliance on them can crowd out private sector credit and limit economic expansion.

Innovation in financial products is equally essential. Traditional lending models often fail to meet the needs of SMEs and emerging industries as this has continued to hinder growth. Banks must explore new approaches, including digital lending platforms, supply chain financing, and blended finance solutions that can unlock new growth opportunities, while they extend their tentacles by saturating the retail space just like fintech.

Accountability must also be embedded in the system. One fact is that if recapitalisation is justified as a tool for economic growth, then its outcomes and gains must be measurable and not obscure. Increased credit to productive sectors, higher industrial output and job creation should serve as key indicators of success. Without such metrics, the exercise risks being judged solely by financial indicators rather than its real economic impact.

The completion of the recapitalisation programme represents more than a regulatory achievement; it is a defining moment for Nigeria’s economic future. The country now has a banking sector that is better capitalised, more resilient, and more attractive to investors. These are important gains, but they are not ends in themselves.

The ultimate objective is to build an economy that is productive, diversified, and inclusive. Achieving this requires more than strong banks; it requires banks that actively power economic transformation.

The N4.65 trillion recapitalisation is a significant step forward. It strengthens the foundation of Nigeria’s financial system and enhances its capacity to support growth. However, capacity alone is not enough and truly not enough if the gains of recapitalisation are to be harnessed to the latter. What matters now is how that capacity is deployed.

Some of the critical questions for urgent attention are as follows: Will banks rise to the challenge of financing Nigeria’s productive sectors, particularly SMEs that form the backbone of the economy? Will policymakers create the right incentives to ensure credit flows where it is most needed? Will the financial system evolve from a focus on profitability to a broader commitment to the economic purpose of fostering a more productive Nigerian economy and the $1 trillion target?

The above questions are relevant because they will determine whether recapitalisation becomes a catalyst for change or a missed opportunity if not taken into cognizance. A well-capitalised banking sector is not the destination; it is the starting point. The real journey lies in building an economy where capital works, productivity rises, and growth becomes both sustainable and inclusive.

Blaise, a journalist and PR professional, writes from Lagos and can be reached via: [email protected]

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FirstBank Partners Ekiti State Government on Launch of Innovation Enterprise Support Fund

Published

2 days ago

April 17, 2026

Sahara Weekly

FirstBank Partners Ekiti State Government on Launch of Innovation Enterprise Support Fund

Lagos, 10 April 2025 – FirstBank, West Africa’s premier financial institution and the leading financial inclusion service provider, is proud to announce its partnership with the Ekiti State Government in launching the Innovation Enterprise Support Fund, a groundbreaking initiative designed to empower startups, scale tech-enabled businesses, and accelerate innovation-driven economic growth across the state.

The programme provides funding, mentorship, and market access to high-potential enterprises, with a focus on strengthening Ekiti’s innovation ecosystem, creating jobs, and supporting youth, women, and underserved communities. Notably, at least 40 percent of the fund has been reserved for female-led enterprises.

The Innovation Enterprise Support Fund Initiative is structured as a three-phase programme covering ideation, pre-acceleration, and acceleration for about 60 startups. Each enterprise will receive financial support ranging from ₦150,000 to ₦1,200,000, enabling job creation, revenue generation, and market-ready product launches.

Speaking on the partnership, the Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer, FirstBank Group, Olusegun Alebiosu, said “Entrepreneurship and Innovation are two of our core values at FirstBank. We believe MSMEs are enablers of economic growth and for 132 years, we have stood beside Nigerian businesses through every phase of growth, transition and transformation. We have remained committed to building stronger business through improved access to finance and capacity building; we created the SME Connect Platform to serve as a digital hub where Nigerian entrepreneurs find the resources to move from vision to value. We are excited about this partnership, and we see more than startups. We see future industry leaders, employers of labour, and perhaps our next big partners.”

The partnership aligns with FirstBank’s longstanding commitment to financial inclusion, SME development, and youth empowerment, with an emphasis on supporting women entrepreneurs, who represent 35% of Nigeria’s startup cohort.

FirstBank has been a consistent promoter and supporter of the innovation ecosystem and SMEs in Nigeria, providing notable interventions to help them scale their platforms and businesses. The Bank has designed multiple digital platforms for its SME customers to leverage on for business growth and expansion.

Business

Zacch Adedeji: The Reformist Redefining Nigeria’s Revenue Future Through Action

Published

3 days ago

April 16, 2026

Sahara Weekly

Zacch Adedeji: The Reformist Redefining Nigeria’s Revenue Future Through Action

By: Bashorun Oladapo Sofowora

To dazzle in the Nigerian public service sector, you need more than just doing the extraordinary, you must do what no one has ever done. For Dr. Zacch Adelabu Adedeji, the Executive Chairman of the Nigeria Revenue Service (NRS), possessing the heart of Hercules, the fearlessness of Achilles, the grace of Terpsichore, the memory of Macaulay, and the hide of a rhinoceros is what made him stand out to become the poster boy of the President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration. Give it to him: highly witty, cerebral, and dutiful. Zacch didn’t earn his current position by fluke; he attained his height with sheer dint of hard work, resilience, self-belief, foresight, and a can-do spirit.

Today, the NRS has been given a new face, the era has changed and the narrative has been rewritten. All thanks to the Oyo State-born outstanding technocrat. Since he assumed office as Executive Chairman, one thing has remained constant; his drive for innovative change and his commitment to ensuring taxpayers are seen as partners in progress rather than foes. Adedeji understands that taxpayers must be treated with dignity and must be made to understand their role as stakeholders, partners in progress and development. This special preference has ensured that tax collection is more simplified, more robust, and more engaging.

When Adedeji assumed the chairmanship of the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) in September 2023, the agency was less a revenue service and more a leaky sieve. The nation’s tax-to-GDP ratio was an embarrassment, public trust was a phantom, and the treasury gasped for air. But Adedeji, a resounding technocrat with the soul of a warrior looked upon this chaos and saw a canvas. His creed was immediate and uncompromising; more than just words, but action. Within twenty-four months, he has not merely reformed an institution; he has incinerated the old order and birthed a leviathan; the Nigeria Revenue Service (NRS). This is the story of a man who taught a nation how to pay its way into sheer prosperity.

Adedeji is armed with the philosophy that taxing the fruit, not the seed, is the way to grow as a nation. When he assumed his current role, he rejected the notion that increasing revenue required burdening struggling businesses. Instead, he focused on plugging leakages and widening the net to ensure all taxable citizens perform their civic obligations for the development of the country. With this philosophy, the results were almost immediate and stunning. In 2023, despite assuming office mid-year, the FIRS collected ₦12.36 trillion, surpassing its target of ₦11.55 trillion. That was just the warm-up act. In 2024, the agency delivered a monumental ₦21.7 trillion a 76% jump against a target of ₦19.7 trillion. Between September 2023 and August 2025, the Service realized a cumulative ₦46 trillion in total tax revenue, representing 115% of combined targets. These were not accidents of the economy; they were the direct results of strategic action carefully played and curated by the Tax Man himself.

Zacch’s exceptional ability to steer Nigeria’s fiscal ship towards stability is akin to a skilful sailor navigating treacherous murky waters, with demonstrable efficiency, culminated in Nigeria reaching a historic milestone of ₦28.2 trillion in revenue in 2025. As the Nigerian Revenue Service (NRS) sets its sights on 2026 with an ambitious goal of ₦40.7 trillion, the role of technological innovation becomes increasingly vital. Adedeji recognized that overcoming the entrenched “tin bucket” mentality, an overreliance on manual collection methods required deploying advanced, reliable digital tools that minimized human contact, thereby reducing opportunities for corruption and errors. He led the successful automation of over 80% of manual processes through the implementation of the TaxPro-Max platform, which streamlined taxpayer registration, documentation, and filing procedures, significantly reducing processing times. The rollout of the e-invoicing system mandated that corporations with turnovers exceeding ₦5 billion digitize all transactions, thereby eliminating VAT evasion at the source and fostering transparency. Within weeks of deployment, major corporations such as MTN Nigeria, Huawei Technologies Nigeria, and IHS Nigeria had onboarded the system, signaling broad industry acceptance. A notable innovation was the nationwide launch of the USSD code *829#, a groundbreaking service allowing citizens to access tax-related information, file returns, and make payments directly via mobile phones without internet connectivity effectively democratizing tax compliance across all socio-economic strata. These initiatives transformed the Nigeria Revenue Service from a traditionally intimidating enforcement agency into a modern, efficient service platform that emulates leading 21st-century tax collection models.

Building on this foundation, the NRS introduced the Rev360 platform an advanced, integrated, and intelligent ecosystem representing the next phase in the evolution of tax administration. Rev360 embodies the principles of Tax Administration 3.0, characterized by comprehensive automation, real-time analytics, and seamless integration of tax processes within taxpayers’ everyday systems. This strategic shift promises faster processing times, enhanced decision-making capabilities, improved compliance rates, and an overall improved user experience. Taxpayers will benefit from a broader array of interaction options, including digital channels, mobile apps, and self-service portals. The launch of Rev360 aligns with the broader digital transformation strategy under the leadership of Zacch Adedeji PhD, the Executive Chairman of the NRS, whose visionary approach continues to propel innovations in service delivery and institutional strengthening. The platform’s deployment reflects the Service’s unwavering commitment to enhancing institutional capacity, fostering greater taxpayer confidence, and aligning with international best practices and technological standards. Following a successful pilot phase, the phased rollout of Rev360 will begin with Medium and Emerging Taxpayers, representing the first stage of comprehensive nationwide adoption aimed at creating a resilient, transparent and efficient tax system for Nigeria.

To ensure action is taken not by mere words alone, Dr. Adedeji knew that lasting change and stability required a new legal framework and laws guiding tax compliance in the country. This enabled him to lead the charge to dismantle the archaic, colonial-era tax laws that had stifled growth by taxing the poor rather than taxing prosperity. This led to the legislative transformation of laws signed into force in 2025 and effective from the 1st of January 2026: the Nigeria Tax Act 2025 (NTA), the Nigeria Tax Administration Act 2025 (NTAA), the Joint Revenue Board of Nigeria (Establishment) Act 2025 (JRBA), and the Nigeria Revenue Service (Establishment) Act 2025 (NRSA). These laws harmonized over 60 disparate tax statutes into a single framework to ensure adherence and unification. To prevent controversies and wrong narratives from being peddled by naysayers, Adedeji assured Nigerians that the laws are pro-poor, exempting those earning ₦800,000 or less annually from Personal Income Tax and removing VAT on essential items to protect the most vulnerable.

In a bid to show his wizardry beyond being a brilliant chap, Adedeji led one of the most impressive transition and rebranding processes in the country. He executed the transition from FIRS to NRS with distinct surgical precision, ensuring that operational guidelines were ready and that staff were trained for the new mandate. The transition was so seamless that almost all Nigerians pivoted to the change without struggling. Same brand core values, different name, and a more formidable identity. The rebranding was more than a name change; it represented a paradigm shift from a “Federal” collector to a unified “National” revenue hub, aiming to harmonize collections across all tiers of government to ensure effectiveness, bring relief from multiple taxation, and allow government agencies to focus on their core mandates while leaving revenue collection to the NRS.

Zacch obviously detests wastage; seeing wastage bores him. That is why he reignited the abandoned NRS building, breathing fresh life into it after 30 months in charge. The recently commissioned NRS Headquarters will ensure a lasting legacy, also corroborating the transition from FIRS to NRS. The new edifice is beyond magnificent. The 16-floor, tastefully built structure can pass as the ninth wonder of the world. As a man of style and taste, Zacch ensured the environment was inviting for everyone who comes in for any tax-related transaction. The three-tower complex is a world-class edifice designed to house 3,000 staff, complete with a data processing center, a clinic, an auditorium, and a gym. It is indeed a jaw-dropping building equipped with state-of-the-art facilities to ensure seamless navigation and maximum output.

At the opening ceremony on the 14th of April, Adedeji paid tribute to President Tinubu, declaring him “the greatest gift bestowed on this republic.” He noted that the headquarters symbolizes that reform is “not abstract, but real; not theoretical, but implemented.” The auspicious event was attended by the Senate President, the Speaker of the House, and numerous governors, signaling rare political consensus on the importance of revenue reform. For the building commissioning, Zacch can be called a jinx breaker and a record setter. Calling him both places him on a pedestal of immortality.

Zacch Adelabu Adedeji has answered the question posed by his own mantra: “More than just words, but action.” He has taken a bureaucracy often viewed with suspicion and turned it into the vanguard of economic renewal. From the digits of ₦46 trillion in revenue to the concrete of a 16-story headquarters, from the virtual code *829# to the legal text of the NRS Act, Adedeji has left no room for doubt. Indeed, he has outdone himself, leaving a lacuna that anyone after him might struggle to fill.

He did not merely build an institution that demands taxes; he built one that enables prosperity. As Nigeria marches toward a future of fiscal self-sufficiency, it does so on the solid foundation of actions taken by a quiet, determined reformer who proved that in governance, what you do will always speak louder than what you say. As the sun sets, and birds chirping over the new NRS headquarters, casting long shadows across the skylines of Abuja, one fact remains indisputable: in the battle for Nigeria’s economic soul, words have failed, long speeches have faded into oblivion, but Zacch Adelabu Adedeji brought action infused with a monument. The era of talk is over, the era of the Alchemist has just begun.

Business

Blue Lagos Launches Community Sensitisation and Engagement Campaign in Riverine Areas

Published

4 days ago

April 15, 2026

Sahara Weekly

Blue Lagos Launches Community Sensitisation and Engagement Campaign in Riverine Areas

Blue Lagos has officially commenced its community sensitisation and engagement campaign across riverine and coastal communities in Lagos State.

The initiative is designed to amplify the voices of underserved communities, raise awareness on civic responsibilities, and highlight the unique challenges faced by residents living along the waterways.

Through on-ground interactions and digital advocacy, Blue Lagos aims to foster inclusive participation and ensure that no community is left behind.

Speaking on the campaign, The Director of Mobilisation & Community Engagement for the Blue Lagos Team, Hon. Ashade Abdul-Salam emphasized the importance of engaging directly with residents to better understand their daily realities, from access to basic services and transportation challenges to opportunities for development and improved governance.

The campaign will feature community visits, short sensitisation videos, interactive sessions, and stakeholder engagement, all geared towards empowering residents with the knowledge and tools to actively participate in shaping their future.

Blue Lagos calls on riverine and coastal residents to take advantage of this initiative, share their experiences, and stay informed on civic processes, including voter registration and community development programs.

This campaign marks a significant step towards building stronger connections between communities and decision-makers, while promoting inclusive growth across Lagos State.