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Tax Reforms, NELFUND and State Allocations: Are Nigerian States Ready to Deliver?

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Tax Reforms, NELFUND and State Allocations: Are Nigerian States Ready to Deliver?

By George Omagbemi Sylvester | Published by SaharaWeeklyNG.com

When President Bola Ahmed Tinubu signed the landmark tax reform bills into law on June 26, 2025, it signaled a critical turning point in Nigeria’s fiscal history. It was a bold attempt to restructure the nation’s underperforming tax system, expand the national revenue base and empower sub-national entities through an equitable redistribution of funds. The reforms didn’t just aim to increase federal control or raise revenue, they marked the beginning of a new power shift toward the states.

Under the new law, the tax-to-GDP ratio is expected to rise from its current abysmal 10.8% (one of the lowest in Africa) towards a more sustainable and development-oriented figure. The reforms created the Nigeria Revenue Service (NRS), replacing the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), streamlined the tax administration framework, introduced a development levy and revised the Value Added Tax (VAT) allocation formula from 15% to the federal government to just 10%, while raising the states’ share from 50% to 55%.

This is not just fiscal reform; it is pure federalism, reborn.

The critical question remains: What are Nigerian states doing with this golden opportunity? Are they equipped, ready and willing to translate this fiscal latitude into tangible social and economic benefits for their people? Or will they squander it as they have done with past bailouts and interventions?

The NELFUND Promise: Bridging Education and Economic Inequality
The Nigerian Education Loan Fund (NELFUND), launched in 2024, is a flagship initiative under the “reform” umbrella. Designed to provide interest-free loans to indigent students across federal tertiary institutions, it aims to bridge the financial gap for millions of Nigerians seeking education. The new development levy introduced in the tax reform bills (ranging from 2% to 4% on eligible taxpayers) will partially fund NELFUND and other agencies like TETFund, NITDA and NASENI.

The sustainability and reach of NELFUND depend not just on the federal government’s policy on the commitment of state governments to complement and support the vision.

Some states are stepping up. Others are asleep.

States Rising to the Challenge

Lagos State stands miles ahead of the pack. The Lagos Internal Revenue Service (LIRS) is leveraging fintech solutions to widen the tax net, improve compliance and plug revenue leakages. Governor Babajide Sanwo-Olu has already launched a multi-billion-naira skills development initiative, partially funded through the additional VAT allocation, with special focus on vocational training, public schools and digital education. Lagos is also establishing NELFUND liaison offices in tertiary institutions to simplify access for students.

Oyo State, under Governor Seyi Makinde, has taken a bold stance. A new law mandates the transparent publication of VAT inflow and expenditure every quarter. The state has committed 25% of its new allocation to the education sector, directly aligning with the NELFUND goal of human capital development. Additionally, Oyo has established an inter-ministerial committee to facilitate the disbursement and monitoring of student loans.

Kano State initially resisted the reforms, citing the unfair advantage of consumption-heavy southern states. However, it has since launched aggressive taxpayer education campaigns, e-registration for personal income tax and SME support centers to boost revenue. According to Dr. Auwalu Isa, a fiscal policy expert at Bayero University, “Kano’s shift reflects the realization that development is no longer about federal handouts but internal innovation.”

Rivers State and Delta State, flush with revenue from oil and trade, are now investing in logistics and infrastructure projects funded by VAT allocations. Rivers recently announced the construction of a new industrial park in Eleme, using part of its windfall. Delta has committed a percentage of its new income to health and education sector revitalization.

Southeast Innovation

Enugu State, under Governor Peter Mbah, is pioneering digital tax remittance platforms in partnership with private sector actors. The goal is simple: Eliminate Cash Handling, improve collection efficiency and ensure every kobo is accounted for. The Enugu government has also introduced tax incentives for small businesses, as a way to foster voluntary compliance.

In Anambra State, Governor Charles Soludo is championing tax modernization, introducing blockchain-based auditing tools. He recently remarked: “Tax reforms without state participation is like building a skyscraper on sand.”

Imo and Abia states have also rolled out tax identification systems linked to national databases, enabling better targeting of welfare and education funding.

The Northern Adjustment

The North, particularly states like Gombe, Bauchi and Zamfara, have been the most apprehensive. Lower consumption patterns mean lower VAT returns under the new formula. Yet, Gombe State has partnered with the World Bank to develop digital tax infrastructure and improve Internally Generated Revenue (IGR). Bauchi is introducing community-based revenue generation tied to agricultural markets.

Governor Inuwa Yahaya of Gombe, who also chairs the Northern Governors Forum, recently stated:

“It is now clear to us that we must stand on our own two feet. The era of dependency must end.”

Scholars and Experts Weigh In

“Reforming Nigeria’s tax structure is not just an economic necessity; it is a political revolution. States must now wake up to their responsibilities.”
~ Prof. Uche Uwaleke, President, Association of Capital Market Academics of Nigeria (ACMAN)

“Tax is the price we pay for civilization. States cannot demand development without contributing to its costs.”
~ Dr. Sarah Ekeh, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Faculty of Social Sciences

“This is the best fiscal opportunity Nigeria has had in decades. If states waste it, the blame lies not in Abuja, but in their own complacency.”
~ Waziri Adio, Executive Director, Agora Policy

Are States Prepared?
Despite early signs of progress, many states remain reactive rather than proactive. They lack capacity, innovation and political will. Several governors have yet to present comprehensive plans for utilizing their increased allocations. Others are diverting the funds toward unsustainable political spending and inflated contracts.

The Federal Ministry of Finance has warned that misuse of the new tax inflows will attract federal audits and possible funding restrictions. Already, civil society groups like BudgIT and SERAP are demanding real-time transparency in fund allocation and student loan disbursement.

Challenges That Linger
Low Tax Literacy: Millions of Nigerians still view tax as a punishment rather than a civic duty.

Weak Revenue Collection: Manual systems remain in place in many rural states, with little investment in technology.

Political Interference: Many revenue boards are still run as party patronage slots not as professional institutions.

Regional Disparities: Northern states still trail behind in consumption and digital literacy, putting them at a disadvantage under the new VAT structure.

Key Takeaway: From Abuja to the Grassroots
Tax reforms, NELFUND and increased state allocations represent a rare convergence of opportunity and necessity. This is not Abuja’s fight alone. The success or failure of these initiatives depends on how well the 36 state governments rise to the occasion.

The time for excuses is over. The federal government has thrown the lifeline. What states do with it will determine whether Nigeria leaps forward or collapses under the weight of yet another failed reform.

History will not forgive those who sleep through a revolution.

Tax Reforms, NELFUND and State Allocations: Are Nigerian States Ready to Deliver?
By George Omagbemi Sylvester | Published by SaharaWeeklyNG.com
By George Omagbemi Sylvester
Published by SaharaWeeklyNG.com

Business

GTCO Launches “Take on Squad” Hackathon 3.0, Opens Call for Applications 

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GTCO Launches “Take on Squad” Hackathon 3.0, Opens Call for Applications 

 

 

Guaranty Trust Holding Company Plc (“GTCO” or the “Group”) has announced the launch of “Take on Squad” Hackathon 3.0, reaffirming its commitment to fostering innovation, empowering talent, and supporting the development of technology-driven solutions that address real-world challenges across Africa.

Now in its third edition, the Hackathon brings together developers, designers and entrepreneurs across Nigeria in a collaborative environment to build practical solutions across key sectors including financial services, healthcare, commerce and digital inclusion. Under the theme “Smart Systems: The Intelligent Economy,” participants are challenged to design and build intelligent, data-driven solutions that transform how communities engage with money.

Applications are now open, and interested teams can find full guidelines and registration details on the official portal at https://squadco.com/hackathon.

Speaking on the initiative, Eduophon Japhet, Managing Director of HabariPay, stated: “Today’s dynamic, digitally driven world demands continuous innovation, which is shaping how economies grow, how businesses scale, and how societies evolve. Through “Take on Squad” Hackathon, we are deliberately investing in the ideas and talent that will define the future. Our objective is not simply to encourage innovation, but to enable its translation into scalable solutions that deliver real and measurable impact. This reflects GTCO’s role as a financial services platform that connects capital, capability, and creativity to drive sustainable progress.”

The social coding event remains a cornerstone of HabariPay’s mission to foster creativity and problem-solving among emerging tech talents. Competing teams will leverage Squad’s advanced APIs to create scalable digital tools that address everyday challenges faced by businesses and individuals.

Through initiatives such as this, GTCO continues to position itself at the intersection of finance, technology and enterprise, actively shaping the future of digital transformation in Africa.

 

About HabariPay

HabariPay Ltd is the fintech subsidiary of Guaranty Trust Holding Company Plc (GTCO), one of the largest financial services institutions in Africa with direct and indirect investments in a network of operating entities located in 10 countries across Africa and the United Kingdom.

Licensed by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), our goal is to support SMEs, micro merchants, large corporations and other fintechs (Tech Stars) with the tools they need to thrive in an evolving digital economy and expand beyond their current market reach. HabariPay’s solutions include Squad, a full-scale digital payments toolkit to make in-person and online payments simpler, HabariPay Storefront, an e-commerce website to facilitate online purchases, Value-Added Services to help merchants access cost-effective and flexible airtime and data bundles to run their businesses, as well as a switching infrastructure that enables tech-focused businesses to optimise cost and make transactions more efficient.

HabariPay’s contributions to Accelerating Digital Acceptance in Africa have not gone unnoticed–it received Mastercard’s Innovative Mobile Payment Solution Award at TIA 2022 for its innovative payment solution, SquadPOS.

About Squad

Squad is a complete digital payments solution that is reliable, secure, and affordable, making receiving in-person and online payments simpler and convenient.

Thousands of merchants currently leverage Squad’s payment solutions for their daily business operations. Squad’s current products and service offerings include SquadPOS, Squad Payment Links, Squad Virtual Accounts, USSD, and E-Commerce Storefront.

Find out more at www.squadco.com.

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Electric 8-Seater Tula Moto Keke Enters Nigerian Market, Targets Higher Operator Earnings

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Electric 8-Seater Tula Moto Keke Enters Nigerian Market, Targets Higher Operator Earnings

 

 

LAGOS — A new electric-powered tricycle with an expanded passenger capacity has been introduced into Nigeria’s urban transport sector, offering operators a potentially more profitable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional petrol-driven “keke.”

 

The newly launched 8-seater electric tricycle, now available in Lagos with plans for nationwide distribution, features a dual-row seating arrangement capable of accommodating up to eight passengers per trip—significantly higher than the standard three-passenger configuration common across the country.

 

 

Promoters of the innovation say the increased capacity is designed to boost daily earnings for operators, particularly amid persistent fluctuations in fuel prices. By running entirely on electric power, the vehicle eliminates dependence on petrol, reducing operating costs and shielding drivers from fuel price volatility.

 

 

According to the distributors, the tricycle is equipped with a durable battery system capable of covering extended distances on a single charge, making it suitable for commercial operations across high-traffic routes, residential estates, campuses, and marketplaces.

 

“The concept is straightforward—enable drivers to earn more while spending less,” a company representative stated. “With higher passenger capacity and zero fuel requirements, operators can maximise each trip without the burden of daily fuel expenses.”

 

Beyond its cost-saving potential, the electric keke is also said to require less maintenance than traditional models, offering additional long-term savings. Its quieter and smoother operation is expected to enhance passenger comfort and overall commuting experience.
Industry analysts note that the introduction of electric mobility solutions reflects a growing shift toward cleaner and more sustainable transportation alternatives in Nigeria, particularly in densely populated urban centres such as Lagos.

 

 

The distributors added that the product is currently available under a limited promotional offer, with delivery options across the country.

 

For inquiries and purchase: 📞 08153432071
📞 08035889103
Office Address:
📍 Plot 9, Block 113, Beulah Plaza,
Lekki–Epe Expressway,
Lekki Phase 1, Lagos

 

As transportation costs continue to rise and environmental concerns gain prominence, innovations like the electric 8-seater keke may signal an emerging transition toward more efficient and sustainable mobility solutions nationwide.

 

Electric 8-Seater Tula Moto Keke Enters Nigerian Market, Targets Higher Operator Earnings

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A Pipeline, a Licence, and a Storm Brewing: Corruption allegations Draw global oil giant, Shell, Into Nigeria’s Reform Test

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*A Pipeline, a Licence, and a Storm Brewing: Corruption allegations Draw global oil giant, Shell, Into Nigeria’s Reform Test*

By Deji Johnson and Mustapha Bello

 

t begins with a pipeline that should have been completed by June 2026. It widens into a regulatory dispute. And it now risks becoming a defining test of Nigeria’s gas reforms under President Bola Ahmed Tinubu.

At the center is a stalled 80 kilometre gas pipeline from Sagamu to Ibadan, a project backed by over 100 million dollars in investment and built on a protected Gas Distribution Licence issued under the Petroleum Industry Act 2021. The licence granted NGML–NIPCO exclusive rights to distribute gas within Ibadan for 25years based on Nigeria’s Petroleum Industry Act.

On paper, the law is clear. On the ground, the situation is anything but.

For more than three months, construction has been halted following a stop work order issued by the Oyo State Government led by former Shell Contractor and engineer, Governor Seyi Makinde. No detailed public justification has been provided that aligns with existing federal approvals already secured for the project.

What might have remained a quiet regulatory disagreement has now escalated into something far more politically charged. How?

In recent remarks, Nigeria’s Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, Nyesom Wike, who is of the same political party as Governor Seyi Makinde, made a pointed allegation that has since rippled across political and industry circles. He suggested that the Governor of Oyo State and Shell were in what could be described as an “unholy alliance.”

It is a serious claim. One that, if substantiated, would raise profound questions about the intersection of corporate influence, state level action, and federal law.

Neither Shell nor the Oyo State Government has publicly responded in detail to the allegation.

But the silence is now part of the story.

*THE SHELL QUESTION*

For Shell, this moment carries particular weight.

The company has operated in Nigeria for decades, building one of its most significant global portfolios in the Niger Delta. But that history is not without controversy. From corruption claims to environmental damage claims and community disputes amongst others, Shell has faced years of litigation and, in several high profile cases, adverse rulings tied to its operations in the region.

Those cases, many adjudicated in foreign courts, have shaped a negative reputation that continues to follow the company.

Now, a new question emerges.

Is Shell once again operating at the edge of Nigeria’s regulatory framework seeking to exert undue influence in circumventing Nigeria’s petroleum laws, or firmly within it?

Industry sources including a widely reported meeting between their representatives, Oyo State Government representatives and the newly appointed midstream and downstream chief executive, indicate that engagements involving Shell and the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority could enable the company to enter a gas distribution zone already licensed to another operator in breach of the PIA.

If true, the implications are immediate and far reaching.

A licence meant to protect investors and investments in Nigeria’s gas space ceases to be exclusive against the dictates of the guiding laws. A framework begins to look flexible, and a reform risks appearing reversible.

To many, it seems more than just a commercial dispute and is not just about one company versus another.

Nigeria is in the middle of an energy transition where gas is expected to play a central role in powering industries, stabilising electricity supply, and reducing reliance on expensive diesel. President Bola Tinubu has emerged as a global champion of using gas as a transition fuel in Nigeria and Africa whilst rolling out elaborate but clearly defined plans to achieve it. Yet gas availability remains inconsistent, constraining power generation and limiting industrial output.

Projects like the Sagamu to Ibadan pipeline are designed to close that gap. To halt such a project is to delay not just infrastructure, but impact. To undermine its legal basis is to question the system that enabled it and to introduce competing claims within the same licensed zone is to risk regulatory confusion at a time when clarity is most needed.

This is where the issue moves from commercial to national because at stake is not only an investment, but the credibility of the reform architecture itself.

*OYO STATE AND THE FEDERAL QUESTION*

The role of the Oyo State Government adds another layer of complexity.

Energy regulation in Nigeria, particularly in the gas sector, is governed by federal law. Yet implementation often intersects with state authority, creating spaces where jurisdiction can blur.

The stop work order issued on the pipeline has become the clearest manifestation of that tension. Was it a regulatory necessity?
A precautionary measure? Or, as alleged by Minister Wike, part of a broader alignment with external interests? Without transparency, speculation fills the vacuum and the regulator must avoid finding itself mired in such allegations.

*QUESTIONS THAT WILL NOT GO AWAY*

For Shell, the questions are now direct and unavoidable:

Is Shell, a global energy giant, seeking to operate within the Ibadan gas distribution zone already licensed to NGML–NIPCO?
What assurances, if any, has it received from regulators or state actors?
How does it reconcile such actions with the exclusivity provisions of the PIA?

For the regulator, NMDPRA:

Can a Gas Distribution Licence be effectively shared, diluted, or overridden after issuance? According to Nigerian laws, the answer is No.
What precedent does this set for Nigeria’s gas infrastructure market?

For the Oyo State Government:

On what legal grounds does the stop work order stand, given federal approvals already in place?
And how does this action align with national energy priorities or the state’s gas needs?

Nigeria has spent the last two years telling a new story to the world. A story of reform, of discipline, of a country ready to compete for global capital. And it has worked so far with stability returning to Nigeria’s economy and over $20bn of energy investments looking to enter the country in the short to midterm.

But reforms are not tested in policy papers. They are tested in moments like this.

Moments where law meets influence, investment meets interference and promise meets pressure.

For Shell, long mired in issues surrounding ethical operations in Nigeria, this is more than a business decision. It is a reputational crossroads.

For Nigeria, it is something even larger. Whether the country’s laws will hold when they are most challenged or Whether its reforms will stand when they are most inconvenient or even whether Nigeria’s energy investments future will be shaped by the rules of law, adherence to regulatory protections and provisions or by unethical and corrupt relationships.

Until those questions are answered clearly, publicly, and decisively, the pipeline in Ibadan will remain more than steel in the ground.

It will remain a symbol of a country still deciding which path it truly intends to follow. Nigeria must act quickly and decisively because the world is watching.

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