Business
Tax Reforms, NELFUND and State Allocations: Are Nigerian States Ready to Deliver?
Tax Reforms, NELFUND and State Allocations: Are Nigerian States Ready to Deliver?
By George Omagbemi Sylvester | Published by SaharaWeeklyNG.com
When President Bola Ahmed Tinubu signed the landmark tax reform bills into law on June 26, 2025, it signaled a critical turning point in Nigeria’s fiscal history. It was a bold attempt to restructure the nation’s underperforming tax system, expand the national revenue base and empower sub-national entities through an equitable redistribution of funds. The reforms didn’t just aim to increase federal control or raise revenue, they marked the beginning of a new power shift toward the states.
Under the new law, the tax-to-GDP ratio is expected to rise from its current abysmal 10.8% (one of the lowest in Africa) towards a more sustainable and development-oriented figure. The reforms created the Nigeria Revenue Service (NRS), replacing the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), streamlined the tax administration framework, introduced a development levy and revised the Value Added Tax (VAT) allocation formula from 15% to the federal government to just 10%, while raising the states’ share from 50% to 55%.
This is not just fiscal reform; it is pure federalism, reborn.
The critical question remains: What are Nigerian states doing with this golden opportunity? Are they equipped, ready and willing to translate this fiscal latitude into tangible social and economic benefits for their people? Or will they squander it as they have done with past bailouts and interventions?
The NELFUND Promise: Bridging Education and Economic Inequality
The Nigerian Education Loan Fund (NELFUND), launched in 2024, is a flagship initiative under the “reform” umbrella. Designed to provide interest-free loans to indigent students across federal tertiary institutions, it aims to bridge the financial gap for millions of Nigerians seeking education. The new development levy introduced in the tax reform bills (ranging from 2% to 4% on eligible taxpayers) will partially fund NELFUND and other agencies like TETFund, NITDA and NASENI.
The sustainability and reach of NELFUND depend not just on the federal government’s policy on the commitment of state governments to complement and support the vision.
Some states are stepping up. Others are asleep.
States Rising to the Challenge
Lagos State stands miles ahead of the pack. The Lagos Internal Revenue Service (LIRS) is leveraging fintech solutions to widen the tax net, improve compliance and plug revenue leakages. Governor Babajide Sanwo-Olu has already launched a multi-billion-naira skills development initiative, partially funded through the additional VAT allocation, with special focus on vocational training, public schools and digital education. Lagos is also establishing NELFUND liaison offices in tertiary institutions to simplify access for students.
Oyo State, under Governor Seyi Makinde, has taken a bold stance. A new law mandates the transparent publication of VAT inflow and expenditure every quarter. The state has committed 25% of its new allocation to the education sector, directly aligning with the NELFUND goal of human capital development. Additionally, Oyo has established an inter-ministerial committee to facilitate the disbursement and monitoring of student loans.
Kano State initially resisted the reforms, citing the unfair advantage of consumption-heavy southern states. However, it has since launched aggressive taxpayer education campaigns, e-registration for personal income tax and SME support centers to boost revenue. According to Dr. Auwalu Isa, a fiscal policy expert at Bayero University, “Kano’s shift reflects the realization that development is no longer about federal handouts but internal innovation.”
Rivers State and Delta State, flush with revenue from oil and trade, are now investing in logistics and infrastructure projects funded by VAT allocations. Rivers recently announced the construction of a new industrial park in Eleme, using part of its windfall. Delta has committed a percentage of its new income to health and education sector revitalization.
Southeast Innovation
Enugu State, under Governor Peter Mbah, is pioneering digital tax remittance platforms in partnership with private sector actors. The goal is simple: Eliminate Cash Handling, improve collection efficiency and ensure every kobo is accounted for. The Enugu government has also introduced tax incentives for small businesses, as a way to foster voluntary compliance.
In Anambra State, Governor Charles Soludo is championing tax modernization, introducing blockchain-based auditing tools. He recently remarked: “Tax reforms without state participation is like building a skyscraper on sand.”
Imo and Abia states have also rolled out tax identification systems linked to national databases, enabling better targeting of welfare and education funding.
The Northern Adjustment
The North, particularly states like Gombe, Bauchi and Zamfara, have been the most apprehensive. Lower consumption patterns mean lower VAT returns under the new formula. Yet, Gombe State has partnered with the World Bank to develop digital tax infrastructure and improve Internally Generated Revenue (IGR). Bauchi is introducing community-based revenue generation tied to agricultural markets.
Governor Inuwa Yahaya of Gombe, who also chairs the Northern Governors Forum, recently stated:
“It is now clear to us that we must stand on our own two feet. The era of dependency must end.”
Scholars and Experts Weigh In
“Reforming Nigeria’s tax structure is not just an economic necessity; it is a political revolution. States must now wake up to their responsibilities.”
~ Prof. Uche Uwaleke, President, Association of Capital Market Academics of Nigeria (ACMAN)
“Tax is the price we pay for civilization. States cannot demand development without contributing to its costs.”
~ Dr. Sarah Ekeh, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Faculty of Social Sciences
“This is the best fiscal opportunity Nigeria has had in decades. If states waste it, the blame lies not in Abuja, but in their own complacency.”
~ Waziri Adio, Executive Director, Agora Policy
Are States Prepared?
Despite early signs of progress, many states remain reactive rather than proactive. They lack capacity, innovation and political will. Several governors have yet to present comprehensive plans for utilizing their increased allocations. Others are diverting the funds toward unsustainable political spending and inflated contracts.
The Federal Ministry of Finance has warned that misuse of the new tax inflows will attract federal audits and possible funding restrictions. Already, civil society groups like BudgIT and SERAP are demanding real-time transparency in fund allocation and student loan disbursement.
Challenges That Linger
Low Tax Literacy: Millions of Nigerians still view tax as a punishment rather than a civic duty.
Weak Revenue Collection: Manual systems remain in place in many rural states, with little investment in technology.
Political Interference: Many revenue boards are still run as party patronage slots not as professional institutions.
Regional Disparities: Northern states still trail behind in consumption and digital literacy, putting them at a disadvantage under the new VAT structure.
Key Takeaway: From Abuja to the Grassroots
Tax reforms, NELFUND and increased state allocations represent a rare convergence of opportunity and necessity. This is not Abuja’s fight alone. The success or failure of these initiatives depends on how well the 36 state governments rise to the occasion.
The time for excuses is over. The federal government has thrown the lifeline. What states do with it will determine whether Nigeria leaps forward or collapses under the weight of yet another failed reform.
History will not forgive those who sleep through a revolution.

By George Omagbemi Sylvester
Published by SaharaWeeklyNG.com
Bank
Alpha Morgan Bank Deepens Presence in Abuja with New Branch in Utako
Alpha Morgan Bank Deepens Presence in Abuja with New Branch in Utako
Marking another milestone in its expansion drive, Alpha Morgan Bank has opened a new branch in Utako, Abuja, reinforcing its strategy of building closer institutional ties within key business communities and bringing its financial expertise closer to individuals, and enterprises driving the city’s growth.
The new branch, located at Plot 1121 Obafemi Awolowo Way, Utako, Abuja is strategically positioned to serve individuals, entrepreneurs, and corporate clients within Utako and surrounding districts.
The expansion follows the Bank’s recently concluded Economic Review Webinar held in February 2026, as the bank continues to position as a thought-leader in the financial services industry.
Speaking on the opening, Ade Buraimo, Managing Director of Alpha Morgan Bank, said the move underscores the Bank’s commitment to accessibility and service excellence.
“Proximity matters in banking. As communities grow and commercial activity expands, financial institutions also evolve to meet customers where they are. The Utako Branch allows us to deliver our services to people in that community efficiently while maintaining the high standards our customers expect,”
The Utako location will provide a full suite of retail and corporate banking services, including account opening, deposits, transfers, business banking solutions, and financial advisory support.
Customers and members of the public are invited to visit the new Utako Branch to experience the Bank’s approach to satisfying banking.
Business
Dangote Refinery Prioritises Domestic Supply Amid Global Energy Turbulence
Dangote Refinery Prioritises Domestic Supply Amid Global Energy Turbulence
By George Omagbemi Sylvester | Published by SaharaWeeklyNG
“Nigeria insulated from international fuel shocks as Dangote Petroleum commits to uninterrupted local delivery.”
Dangote Petroleum Refinery and Petrochemicals has reaffirmed its commitment to prioritising the domestic market, pledging to shield Nigerians from the ripple effects of ongoing global energy disruptions. The assurance, delivered in Lagos on 5 March 2026, comes as international refinery operations experience shutdowns or reduced output due to escalating Middle East geopolitical tensions, which have sent crude oil and petroleum product prices soaring worldwide.
“Our mandate remains clear: Nigeria’s local market takes precedence. In times of global supply shocks, we will continue to ensure that domestic availability of petrol, diesel, and kerosene is uninterrupted,” said Mr. Folorunsho Alakija, spokesperson for Dangote Petroleum Refinery.
The refinery’s declaration arrives amid mounting concerns over fuel scarcity, triggered by export restrictions imposed by major international producers, including China, and shipping delays that have further tightened global petroleum supply chains. Industry analysts have hailed the domestic focus as a critical buffer against volatility that could otherwise push Nigeria into deeper energy insecurity.
Domestic Shield Against Global Disruption
Dangote Refinery, Africa’s largest oil processing facility, has leveraged its multi-million-barrel refining capacity to mitigate Nigeria’s historical dependence on imported petroleum products. The company emphasised that prioritising local supply provides a strategic advantage in insulating the nation from international market shocks.
“Our refinery’s scale allows Nigeria to withstand short-term external disruptions. We have the infrastructure and capacity to meet local demand even when global supply chains falter,” explained Mr. Chijioke Okonkwo, Operations Director at Dangote Refinery.
The proactive approach is particularly significant as several international refineries have either reduced throughput or temporarily halted operations, causing a global scarcity of refined products. Experts warn that without domestic cushioning, fuel prices in Nigeria could have surged sharply, exacerbating inflationary pressures in a fragile economy.
Managing Costs While Prioritising Supply
In response to rising procurement costs for crude oil amid the international crisis, Dangote Refinery introduced a modest ₦100 per litre increase in the ex-depot price of Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), absorbing roughly 20 percent of the cost escalation to lessen the impact on consumers.
“We are balancing operational sustainability with affordability. While global prices have risen sharply, we have chosen to absorb a significant portion to protect Nigerian households and businesses,” noted Mr. Emmanuel Adeyemi, Chief Finance Officer.
This pricing strategy underscores the refinery’s dual focus: ensuring uninterrupted supply while cushioning the public from abrupt spikes that could destabilize economic activity. Industry observers have lauded the approach as pragmatic, considering the volatility in international oil markets.
Strategic Distribution Initiatives
Beyond refining, Dangote Petroleum has initiated Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) powered trucks to enhance nationwide distribution efficiency. The initiative seeks to reduce logistics costs and carbon emissions while ensuring a more reliable delivery network to petrol stations across urban and rural areas.
“Logistics is a critical part of the energy supply chain. By deploying CNG-powered trucks, we reduce dependency on expensive diesel, lower delivery costs, and improve supply reliability across the country,” explained Ms. Funke Adedoyin, Head of Logistics Operations.
This strategic move reflects a broader commitment to modernising Nigeria’s petroleum distribution infrastructure, reducing bottlenecks that have historically contributed to scarcity at retail outlets.
Implications for National Energy Security
Nigeria has historically struggled with fuel imports to meet domestic demand, making the country vulnerable to international market fluctuations. Dangote Refinery’s prioritisation of local supply mitigates this vulnerability by leveraging home-grown refining capacity, which allows for timely access to petroleum products and less reliance on foreign shipments.
“With Dangote Refinery leading local prioritisation, Nigeria is less exposed to global fuel shocks. The country is moving towards self-reliance in petroleum product supply,” commented Dr. Halima Suleiman, energy sector analyst.
Experts note that sustained operations at the refinery not only enhance energy security but also preserve foreign exchange, reduce import bills, and stabilise domestic market prices.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Market Stability
The refinery’s commitment is part of a broader corporate responsibility framework. Dangote Petroleum continues to engage with government agencies and regulatory bodies, ensuring that domestic supply is coordinated with Nigeria’s Petroleum Product Pricing and Regulatory Agency (PPPRA) to prevent panic buying and market distortions.
“We are in constant consultation with the government to ensure that our supply strategies align with national economic priorities,” said Mr. Alakija.
Such collaboration helps avert artificial shortages, stabilises pump prices, and maintains confidence in the domestic fuel market. Analysts argue that this approach exemplifies how private sector capabilities can complement governmental policies to enhance national resilience.
Navigating Global Uncertainties
The refinery operates in a complex global environment, where geopolitical crises, shipping constraints, and crude oil volatility can trigger disruptions. Dangote Petroleum’s domestic-first approach positions Nigeria to weather such crises more effectively.
“Global uncertainties are unavoidable, but our infrastructure and strategy ensure that Nigerians remain insulated from immediate shocks,” said Mr. Okonkwo.
This emphasis on resilience aligns with global best practices, where national refining capacity is leveraged to protect local markets from international supply disruptions.
Stakeholder Reactions
The government, civil society, and industry stakeholders have welcomed Dangote Petroleum’s strategy. Officials from the Federal Ministry of Petroleum Resources noted that prioritising local supply aligns with Nigeria’s energy security policies and reduces the burden of foreign exchange expenditures on crude imports.
“Dangote Refinery is demonstrating leadership. Its domestic prioritisation ensures that the Nigerian economy remains insulated during turbulent global markets,” said Dr. Tunji Olumide, Special Adviser on Energy.
Consumers have also expressed cautious optimism. Retail operators and commuters reported steadier fuel availability in Lagos and other cities, though concerns remain about sustained pricing and distribution efficiency.
The Road Ahead
While Dangote Refinery’s strategy provides immediate relief, experts argue that long-term stability requires further investments in alternative energy, diversified refining infrastructure, and strategic reserves. This ensures that Nigeria can withstand global shocks without relying excessively on imports or temporary supply adjustments.
“Short-term measures like prioritising local supply are critical, but long-term energy security demands diversification, renewables adoption, and consistent policy implementation,” said Dr. Suleiman.
The refinery is exploring additional initiatives, including expanding storage capacity, upgrading pipeline networks, and adopting technology-driven monitoring systems to ensure supply continuity across the country.
Final Take
By prioritising domestic fuel supply amid global market turbulence, Dangote Petroleum Refinery and Petrochemicals has demonstrated its role as a stabilising force in Nigeria’s energy sector. Through strategic logistics, modest pricing adjustments, and engagement with government regulators, the refinery is insulating the nation from international shocks while maintaining operational sustainability.
“Our responsibility extends beyond profitability; it’s about ensuring Nigerians have reliable access to essential fuel. We take that mandate seriously,” concluded Mr. Adeyemi.
The refinery’s actions offer a blueprint for how large-scale domestic capacity can protect national economies in times of global energy instability, underscoring the critical intersection of private sector resilience, public policy, and national energy security.
Business
Time is of the essence,” the group stressed. “Every delay compounds the hardship and weakens faith in the system.”
Trapped Funds, Fading Trust: Heritage Bank Depositors Demand Urgent CBN Bailout
By Ifeoma Ikem
Nearly two years after the collapse of Heritage Bank, thousands of depositors say they are still living with the financial and emotional aftershocks of a liquidation they insist was never meant to end this way. What began as regulatory reassurances has, in their view, spiralled into prolonged uncertainty, partial payments, and mounting hardship, thus prompting a fresh and urgent appeal to President Bola Tinubu and the Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Olayemi Cardoso, to intervene decisively.
In a strongly-worded statement issued in Lagos, the depositors framed their demand not simply as a financial request but as a test of the country’s commitment to safeguarding public trust in its banking system. They are asking the Central Bank to provide immediate bailout funds to the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) to enable full reimbursement of all affected customers, arguing that the pace of recovery so far has been painfully slow and grossly inadequate.
According to them, while insured deposits up to ₦5 million were covered under statutory provisions, payments beyond that threshold (known as liquidation dividends) have amounted to just 14.2 percent of their total balances in nearly two years. The first tranche of 9.2 percent was paid in April 2024. A second installment of 5 percent followed recently. For many, that has been the extent of relief.
At this rate, they argue, the mathematics simply does not inspire confidence.
“These are not abstract figures,” one depositor said. “They represent school fees, retirement savings, working capital for small businesses, cooperative funds, and life savings built over decades.” Among those affected, they say, are civil servants, retirees, entrepreneurs, and families whose livelihoods have been upended by the prolonged wait.
What deepens their frustration, they contend, is the memory of official assurances given before the bank’s collapse. When signs of distress first emerged, depositors recall that the Central Bank publicly and privately reassured customers that their funds were safe and that the institution remained sound. Those assurances, they say, influenced their decision not to withdraw their savings at the time.
The eventual liquidation therefore came as a shock, both financially and psychologically. “We trusted the regulator,” the group noted. “Between the Central Bank and the NDIC, we were told our funds would be repaid 100 percent.”
It is that promise, they argue, that must now be honored in full.
While acknowledging that the NDIC has begun verification and payment processes, the depositors insist that the agency lacks the financial capacity to conclude the exercise within a reasonable timeframe. They point to the scale of total deposits — estimated at about ₦650 billion — and the fact that only around ₦54 billion has been paid out in 18 months. In their view, that ratio raises serious questions about whether the liquidation process, left solely to asset recovery, can realistically guarantee timely reimbursement.
The group also referenced previous instances in which the Central Bank stepped in to stabilize distressed institutions, arguing that regulatory precedent supports intervention. They cited the reported ₦460 billion facility linked to Heritage Bank before its collapse, as well as substantial financial support extended to other banks to facilitate mergers or recapitalization. In one example, they noted, a ₦700 billion support package reportedly enabled a struggling bank to qualify for a merger, with favorable repayment terms that included a five-year moratorium and extended repayment window at below-market interest rates. They also referenced regulatory intervention in Keystone Bank as evidence that decisive action is possible when systemic stability is at stake.
Given that history, they say, it is difficult to understand why a direct bailout to protect depositors is not being prioritized.
Beyond financial restitution, the depositors are also calling for accountability. They demanded a thorough investigation and immediate prosecution of any individuals or entities found culpable of asset diversion, mismanagement, or actions that may have contributed to the bank’s collapse. To them, justice is as important as compensation.
They argue that without visible consequences, public confidence in the banking system could erode further. “The integrity of the financial sector rests not only on liquidity, but on accountability,” one stakeholder said. “If people believe that funds can disappear without consequences, trust collapses.”
The broader concern, they warn, is systemic. Nigeria has not witnessed a full commercial bank liquidation in over two decades, as troubled institutions have typically been resolved through mergers, acquisitions, or regulatory restructuring. Many depositors therefore assumed that a similar pathway would apply in this case. Instead, they say, liquidation has exposed gaps in depositor protection mechanisms.
They also question the broader insurance framework, noting that banks have paid premiums to the NDIC for years precisely to safeguard depositors. If recovery remains this limited, they argue, the protective purpose of that insurance scheme comes under scrutiny.
For small business owners, the implications have been severe. Some report shutting down operations due to frozen capital. Others speak of properties sold under distress or retirement plans abruptly altered. The social cost, they insist, is real and growing.
At the heart of their appeal is a request for clarity. They want a clear, binding timeline for completion of the liquidation process and a transparent roadmap outlining how and when full repayment will occur. Without that, they fear that partial dividends will continue indefinitely, eroded by inflation and the time value of money.
They have also urged the Presidency and the National Assembly to step in, arguing that the matter transcends a single bank and touches on Nigeria’s financial credibility before the global community. Prolonged uncertainty, they warn, risks signaling regulatory inconsistency at a time when the country seeks to attract investment and deepen financial inclusion.
For the depositors, the issue is no longer simply about numbers on a ledger. It is about confidence in regulators, in institutions, and in the promise that money kept within the formal banking system is secure.
They believe the Central Bank must now assume full responsibility for resolving what they describe as a crisis of trust. Whether through direct financial support to the NDIC, accelerated asset recovery, or a hybrid intervention model, they insist that swift action is essential.
“Time is of the essence,” the group stressed. “Every delay compounds the hardship and weakens faith in the system.”
In a nation striving to strengthen its financial architecture and restore economic stability, the resolution of the Heritage Bank liquidation may well become a defining test — not only of regulatory capacity, but of the enduring covenant between citizens and the institutions entrusted with their savings.
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