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Tax Reforms, NELFUND and State Allocations: Are Nigerian States Ready to Deliver?

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Tax Reforms, NELFUND and State Allocations: Are Nigerian States Ready to Deliver?

By George Omagbemi Sylvester | Published by SaharaWeeklyNG.com

When President Bola Ahmed Tinubu signed the landmark tax reform bills into law on June 26, 2025, it signaled a critical turning point in Nigeria’s fiscal history. It was a bold attempt to restructure the nation’s underperforming tax system, expand the national revenue base and empower sub-national entities through an equitable redistribution of funds. The reforms didn’t just aim to increase federal control or raise revenue, they marked the beginning of a new power shift toward the states.

Under the new law, the tax-to-GDP ratio is expected to rise from its current abysmal 10.8% (one of the lowest in Africa) towards a more sustainable and development-oriented figure. The reforms created the Nigeria Revenue Service (NRS), replacing the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), streamlined the tax administration framework, introduced a development levy and revised the Value Added Tax (VAT) allocation formula from 15% to the federal government to just 10%, while raising the states’ share from 50% to 55%.

This is not just fiscal reform; it is pure federalism, reborn.

The critical question remains: What are Nigerian states doing with this golden opportunity? Are they equipped, ready and willing to translate this fiscal latitude into tangible social and economic benefits for their people? Or will they squander it as they have done with past bailouts and interventions?

The NELFUND Promise: Bridging Education and Economic Inequality
The Nigerian Education Loan Fund (NELFUND), launched in 2024, is a flagship initiative under the “reform” umbrella. Designed to provide interest-free loans to indigent students across federal tertiary institutions, it aims to bridge the financial gap for millions of Nigerians seeking education. The new development levy introduced in the tax reform bills (ranging from 2% to 4% on eligible taxpayers) will partially fund NELFUND and other agencies like TETFund, NITDA and NASENI.

The sustainability and reach of NELFUND depend not just on the federal government’s policy on the commitment of state governments to complement and support the vision.

Some states are stepping up. Others are asleep.

States Rising to the Challenge

Lagos State stands miles ahead of the pack. The Lagos Internal Revenue Service (LIRS) is leveraging fintech solutions to widen the tax net, improve compliance and plug revenue leakages. Governor Babajide Sanwo-Olu has already launched a multi-billion-naira skills development initiative, partially funded through the additional VAT allocation, with special focus on vocational training, public schools and digital education. Lagos is also establishing NELFUND liaison offices in tertiary institutions to simplify access for students.

Oyo State, under Governor Seyi Makinde, has taken a bold stance. A new law mandates the transparent publication of VAT inflow and expenditure every quarter. The state has committed 25% of its new allocation to the education sector, directly aligning with the NELFUND goal of human capital development. Additionally, Oyo has established an inter-ministerial committee to facilitate the disbursement and monitoring of student loans.

Kano State initially resisted the reforms, citing the unfair advantage of consumption-heavy southern states. However, it has since launched aggressive taxpayer education campaigns, e-registration for personal income tax and SME support centers to boost revenue. According to Dr. Auwalu Isa, a fiscal policy expert at Bayero University, “Kano’s shift reflects the realization that development is no longer about federal handouts but internal innovation.”

Rivers State and Delta State, flush with revenue from oil and trade, are now investing in logistics and infrastructure projects funded by VAT allocations. Rivers recently announced the construction of a new industrial park in Eleme, using part of its windfall. Delta has committed a percentage of its new income to health and education sector revitalization.

Southeast Innovation

Enugu State, under Governor Peter Mbah, is pioneering digital tax remittance platforms in partnership with private sector actors. The goal is simple: Eliminate Cash Handling, improve collection efficiency and ensure every kobo is accounted for. The Enugu government has also introduced tax incentives for small businesses, as a way to foster voluntary compliance.

In Anambra State, Governor Charles Soludo is championing tax modernization, introducing blockchain-based auditing tools. He recently remarked: “Tax reforms without state participation is like building a skyscraper on sand.”

Imo and Abia states have also rolled out tax identification systems linked to national databases, enabling better targeting of welfare and education funding.

The Northern Adjustment

The North, particularly states like Gombe, Bauchi and Zamfara, have been the most apprehensive. Lower consumption patterns mean lower VAT returns under the new formula. Yet, Gombe State has partnered with the World Bank to develop digital tax infrastructure and improve Internally Generated Revenue (IGR). Bauchi is introducing community-based revenue generation tied to agricultural markets.

Governor Inuwa Yahaya of Gombe, who also chairs the Northern Governors Forum, recently stated:

“It is now clear to us that we must stand on our own two feet. The era of dependency must end.”

Scholars and Experts Weigh In

“Reforming Nigeria’s tax structure is not just an economic necessity; it is a political revolution. States must now wake up to their responsibilities.”
~ Prof. Uche Uwaleke, President, Association of Capital Market Academics of Nigeria (ACMAN)

“Tax is the price we pay for civilization. States cannot demand development without contributing to its costs.”
~ Dr. Sarah Ekeh, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Faculty of Social Sciences

“This is the best fiscal opportunity Nigeria has had in decades. If states waste it, the blame lies not in Abuja, but in their own complacency.”
~ Waziri Adio, Executive Director, Agora Policy

Are States Prepared?
Despite early signs of progress, many states remain reactive rather than proactive. They lack capacity, innovation and political will. Several governors have yet to present comprehensive plans for utilizing their increased allocations. Others are diverting the funds toward unsustainable political spending and inflated contracts.

The Federal Ministry of Finance has warned that misuse of the new tax inflows will attract federal audits and possible funding restrictions. Already, civil society groups like BudgIT and SERAP are demanding real-time transparency in fund allocation and student loan disbursement.

Challenges That Linger
Low Tax Literacy: Millions of Nigerians still view tax as a punishment rather than a civic duty.

Weak Revenue Collection: Manual systems remain in place in many rural states, with little investment in technology.

Political Interference: Many revenue boards are still run as party patronage slots not as professional institutions.

Regional Disparities: Northern states still trail behind in consumption and digital literacy, putting them at a disadvantage under the new VAT structure.

Key Takeaway: From Abuja to the Grassroots
Tax reforms, NELFUND and increased state allocations represent a rare convergence of opportunity and necessity. This is not Abuja’s fight alone. The success or failure of these initiatives depends on how well the 36 state governments rise to the occasion.

The time for excuses is over. The federal government has thrown the lifeline. What states do with it will determine whether Nigeria leaps forward or collapses under the weight of yet another failed reform.

History will not forgive those who sleep through a revolution.

Tax Reforms, NELFUND and State Allocations: Are Nigerian States Ready to Deliver?
By George Omagbemi Sylvester | Published by SaharaWeeklyNG.com
By George Omagbemi Sylvester
Published by SaharaWeeklyNG.com

Bank

Fidelity Bank grows gross earnings by 38% to N434.95b in Q1

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Fidelity Bank grows gross earnings by 38% to N434.95b in Q1

 

Fidelity Bank Plc recorded 37.9 per cent growth in gross earnings to N434.95 billion in first quarter 2026 as the international commercial bank continued to expand its core banking market share.

 

Interim report and accounts of Fidelity Bank for the three months ended March 31, 2026 released at the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) showed that gross earnings rose from N315.42 billion in first quarter 20025 to N434.95 billion in first quarter 2026, representing an increase of 37.9 per cent.
The top-line performance was driven by impressive growth in the bank’s core business operations with interest incomes rising by 22.8 per cent to N314.48 billion in first quarter 2026 as against N256.10 billion in first quarter 2025.

 

With net interest income at N180.97 billion, the bank closed the period with profit before tax of N92.48 billion. After taxes, net profit stood at N74.47 billion for the three-month period. Earnings per share remained high at N5.69, underlining the capacity of the bank to reward its shareholders.

 

 

The balance sheet of the bank also emerged stronger. Total assets crossed the N11 trillion mark to N11.35 trillion by March 2026 compared with N10.46 trillion recorded in December 2025. Customers’ deposits increased from N6.89 trillion to N7.38 trillion. Total equity rode on the back of earnings growth to a 27.5 per cent increase from N1.09 trillion in December 2025 to N1.39 trillion by March 2026.

 

 

The first quarter 2026 results further consolidated the strong earnings outlook of the bank, which had successfully completed its recapitalisation amidst impressive earnings performance in 2025.
Fidelity Bank had recorded double-digit growths in interest and non-interest incomes as well as key balance sheet items during the year ended December 31, 2025.

 

 

The audited report showed that gross earnings rose from N1.04 trillion in 2024 to N1.52 trillion in 2025, an increase of 45.6 per cent. Interest and similar incomes had grown by 38.7 per cent from N803.1 billion in 2024 to N1.11 trillion in 2025. Fees and commission incomes also rose by 44.7 per cent from N78.4 billion to N113.4 billion. The bank recorded net profit after tax of N242.4 billion in 2025.

 

 

The bank’s balance sheet emerged stronger with total assets rising by 18.6 per cent to N10.46 trillion in 2025 as against N8.82 trillion in 2024. Customer deposits increased by 16.1 per cent from N5.94 trillion to N6.89 trillion, reflecting continued franchise strength and an improved funding profile. Net loans and advances meanwhile declined by 2.4 per cent to N4.28 trillion in 2025 as against N4.39 trillion in 2024, attributable to customers paying down on their mature obligations.

 

 

The bank had in 2025 strengthened its capital position, with eligible capital rising to N561 billion, above the regulatory minimum of N500 billion for banks with international authorisation. In addition, capital adequacy had remained robust, with Capital Adequacy Ratio of 30.94 per cent by December 2025 as against 23.47 per cent by December 2024.

 

Managing Director, Fidelity Bank Plc, Dr. Nneka Onyeali-Ikpe, said the first quarter 2026 results reinforced the bank’s strong and resilient business model.

 

She noted that with the remarkable success of its recapitalisation programme and continuing expansion, Fidelity Bank has entered a new era of growth and impressive returns.

 

“We are on a stronger footing and confident that we will set new growth records that are reflective of our legacy and the future we are working on,” Onyeali-Ikpe said.

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Dangote Refinery Ends Nigeria’s Era of Fuel Import Dependence, Boosts GDP, FX Earnings — EIU

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NLC Commends Dangote Refinery, Urges FG to Sell Adequate Crude in Naira to Reduce Fuel Prices

Dangote Refinery Ends Nigeria’s Era of Fuel Import Dependence, Boosts GDP, FX Earnings — EIU

The operational ramp up of the 650,000 barrels per day Dangote Petroleum Refinery & Petrochemicals is fundamentally reshaping Nigeria’s downstream oil sector, significantly reducing the country’s dependence on imported refined petroleum products and strengthening its external position, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).

In its latest assessment on Nigeria’s fuel market and regulatory environment, the EIU said the refinery has already transformed a sector that was previously characterised by heavy reliance on imported fuel despite Nigeria being Africa’s largest crude oil producer. The report noted that the refinery met nearly 80 per cent of domestic petrol demand in April and produced enough volumes to satisfy local consumption requirements as operations approached full capacity.

The EIU described Nigeria’s downstream petroleum sector before the refinery as “long dysfunctional”, noting that the country had remained almost entirely dependent on costly imported fuel while producing nearly 1.5 million barrels of crude oil daily.

According to the report, the emergence of the refinery has reduced import dependence, improved domestic fuel availability and strengthened Nigeria’s balance of payments position through lower import demand and rising exports of refined petroleum products.

“The gradual ramp up of the 650,000 barrel/day Dangote refinery since May 2023 has transformed Nigeria’s long dysfunctional downstream sector,” the report stated. “The country’s main refineries, all state owned, had been inoperative for years and Nigeria was almost entirely reliant on costly imported fuel.”

The research and analysis division of The Economist Group, London added that the refinery’s attainment of full operational capacity and its planned expansion would further support Nigeria’s economic growth and foreign exchange earnings over the medium term.

“Meanwhile, the attainment of full capacity at, and an increase in exports from, the Dangote refinery will support real GDP growth and foreign exchange earnings in 2026 and 2027 and beyond, as a planned doubling of the plant’s output comes on stream around the end of the decade,” it added.

Industry analysts said the refinery is increasingly positioning Nigeria as an emerging refining and export hub, altering energy trade flows across Africa and reducing the vulnerability associated with fuel import dependence.

The EIU noted that the refinery’s expansion has coincided with major reforms in Nigeria’s downstream sector, including the removal of fuel subsidies and the introduction of market driven pricing mechanisms.

The report, however, said the transition from a state dominated fuel import structure to large scale domestic refining has triggered resistance from interests linked to the old import regime.

The latest tensions emerged following the decision by the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority to relax restrictions on petrol imports despite the refinery’s growing capacity to meet domestic demand.

Dangote Industries subsequently initiated legal action, arguing that continued import approvals undermine domestic refining investments and conflict with the objectives of the Petroleum Industry Act, which seeks to encourage local refining capacity and reduce import dependence.

Analysts noted that the availability of large-scale domestic refining capacity has improved Nigeria’s energy security and reduced exposure to external supply shocks and foreign exchange volatility.

The Centre for the Promotion of Private Enterprise also cautioned against unrestrained importation of petroleum products, warning that such a policy could weaken Nigeria’s industrialisation drive and discourage investments in domestic refining.

Chief Executive Officer of CPPE, Muda Yusuf, said continued dependence on imported fuel had historically contributed to pressure on foreign reserves, exchange rate instability and fiscal leakages.

The refinery’s growing impact is also being reflected in Nigeria’s broader macroeconomic indicators. Earlier this month, S&P Global Ratings cited increased domestic refining capacity and rising hydrocarbon exports among the major factors supporting Nigeria’s sovereign credit rating upgrade – the first in 14 years.

Beyond Nigeria, analysts said the refinery is increasingly being viewed as a strategic industrial asset for Africa, where many countries remain heavily dependent on imported fuel despite rising demand for transportation, manufacturing, and power generation.

 

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BREAKING: Court Dismisses $19.6 Million Claim Against NNPCL — Rules Contract Scope Cannot Be Changed Orally

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BREAKING: Court Dismisses $19.6 Million Claim Against NNPCL — Rules Contract Scope Cannot Be Changed Orally

 

In a landmark ruling on Friday, May 22, 2026, the Federal Capital Territory High Court in Abuja threw out a $19.6 million lawsuit filed by Alternate Dimensions Ventures Ltd against the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPCL), affirming a key legal principle: a written contract cannot be expanded through oral agreements or conduct.

Alternate Dimensions had sought $19,600,000 in professional fees, claiming the scope of its Direct Sale, Direct Purchase (DSDP e-pro) contract with NNPCL was orally expanded. Represented by counsel Patrick Peter, the firm argued it was entitled to the revised sum for services rendered under the alleged new terms.

But NNPCL, through its lawyer Ituah Imhanze of KENNA LP, pushed back sharply, arguing that parties are bound exclusively by the clear terms of their written agreement. Imhanze contended that without any written amendment, the claim was legally unsound, and the court agreed.

Delivering judgment, Justice Hamza Mu’azu upheld NNPCL’s defense, stating that the contract was unambiguous and that no evidence was adduced during the trial, which supported the alleged scope expansion. The court further found that NNPCL fully complied with all contractual terms and committed no breach.

Dismissing the suit as meritless, Justice Mu’azu reinforced the doctrine of sanctity of contract: any amendment to a written agreement must be express, unequivocal, and documented, not implied or verbal.

The ruling spares NNPCL from the S19.6 million claim and also a floodgate of similar potential liabilities.

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