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The Role of Certificate of Occupancy in Property Valuation Method in Nigeria by Dennis Isong

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The Role of Certificate of Occupancy in Property Valuation Method in Nigeria by Dennis Isong

In Nigeria’s real estate landscape, property valuation serves as a crucial process that determines the worth of a property for various purposes, including buying, selling, and securing loans. One significant document that plays a pivotal role in this process is the Certificate of Occupancy (C of O). This legal document, issued by the state government, confirms an individual’s right to use and occupy land for a specified period.
Understanding the interplay between the C of O and property valuation is essential for investors, developers, and homeowners alike, as it can significantly influence market perceptions and property prices.
Understanding the Certificate of Occupancy
The Certificate of Occupancy is a legal document that signifies ownership and the right to occupy land. In Nigeria, land ownership is primarily governed by statutory laws, customary laws, and the Land Use Act of 1978, which mandates that all land in urban areas is owned by the government. Thus, the issuance of a C of O is necessary to establish a legal claim over any parcel of land.
Obtaining a C of O is a comprehensive process that involves several steps, including land survey, payment of necessary fees, and completion of relevant documentation. Once issued, the C of O provides security to the landowner by guaranteeing their rights against unlawful eviction or encroachment. This security is a significant factor in property valuation. Properties with a valid C of O are generally seen as more valuable and less risky compared to those without, as the certificate signifies legal recognition and ownership rights.
C of O and Market Perception
The presence of a C of O can significantly influence market perception and the demand for a property. Properties with a valid Certificate of Occupancy are typically viewed as more desirable by potential buyers and investors. This perception stems from the legal security that a C of O provides. Buyers are more likely to invest in properties with a C of O because they have assurance that their rights are protected, and the likelihood of disputes regarding ownership is minimized.
Moreover, lenders and financial institutions often require a C of O before approving loans for property purchases or developments. A valid C of O enhances the credibility of the property, making it easier for buyers to secure financing. This accessibility to finance, in turn, can lead to increased property demand, thereby driving up its valuation. Conversely, properties lacking a C of O may be perceived as risky investments, resulting in lower valuations and reduced buyer interest. Thus, the C of O serves as a critical indicator of a property’s reliability and marketability.
C of O in the Property Valuation Process
In the property valuation process, a valuer considers various factors to determine the value of a property. These factors typically include location, size, condition, and comparable sales in the area. However, the existence of a C of O is often a prominent consideration. During the valuation process, valuers will assess the C of O to ascertain the legal standing of the property. A valid C of O not only confirms ownership but also indicates compliance with local land use regulations, zoning laws, and building codes.
Valuers may also take into account the duration of the C of O. In Nigeria, a C of O is usually granted for 99 years, and this long tenure can positively influence a property’s valuation. The security provided by a long-term C of O assures potential buyers of their rights over the property for an extended period, making it a more attractive investment. Conversely, properties without a C of O, or those with expired or disputed certificates, may be valued lower due to the inherent risks associated with such properties.
Furthermore, a C of O can impact future development potential, which is a crucial aspect of property valuation. Properties with a valid C of O are more likely to receive the necessary approvals for development or alteration, while those without may face legal hurdles. This potential for development can enhance the property’s value, as it indicates future income generation possibilities. Consequently, valuers consider the C of O as a critical factor that influences the overall worth of the property in the market.
Challenges and Implications of C of O in Property Valuation
Despite its importance, the C of O is not without challenges. The process of obtaining a C of O can be lengthy and complex, leading to delays in property transactions. In some cases, disputes over land ownership can arise, particularly in areas where customary land tenure systems are prevalent. These disputes can complicate the valuation process, as properties with contentious C of Os may be difficult to sell and consequently valued lower.
Additionally, the presence of a C of O does not automatically guarantee a problem-free investment. Factors such as environmental issues, development restrictions, or changes in land use policies can affect property value. Valuers must therefore conduct thorough due diligence, considering not only the existence of a C of O but also any associated risks or liabilities.
In conclusion, the Certificate of Occupancy plays a crucial role in property valuation methods in Nigeria. As a legal document that signifies ownership and security, it significantly influences market perception and property demand. Valuers must consider the C of O when assessing a property’s value, as it reflects the legal standing and development potential of the land. However, challenges associated with the C of O, such as ownership disputes and regulatory complexities, must also be navigated to ensure accurate valuations. For stakeholders in the Nigerian real estate market, understanding the importance of the C of O is vital for making informed investment decisions and maximizing property value.
Dennis Isong is a TOP REALTOR IN LAGOS.He Helps Nigerians in Diaspora to Own Property In Lagos Nigeria STRESS-FREE. For Questions WhatsApp/Call 2348164741041

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WFA APPOINTS GLOBAL BRAND EXECUTIVES TO EXPANDED LEADERSHIP COMMITTEE

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WFA APPOINTS GLOBAL BRAND EXECUTIVES TO EXPANDED LEADERSHIP COMMITTEE

 

STOCKHOLM — The World Federation of Advertisers (WFA) has announced the appointment of senior executives from leading global brands to its Executive Committee, in a move aimed at strengthening its global influence and industry coordination.

The appointments were unveiled during the WFA Global Marketer Week held in Stockholm.

The new members, drawn from top multinational corporations, include executives from Driscoll’s, Haleon, IKEA and Nissan. They join an already influential body comprising marketing and corporate affairs leaders from major companies such as Best Buy, Danone, Diageo, Grab, Kenvue and Tata Group.

Also joining the Executive Committee are representatives of key advertiser bodies, including Josh Faulks, Chief Executive Officer of the Australian Association of National Advertisers; Simon Michaelides, Director General of the Incorporated Society of British Advertisers; and O’tega Ogra, Vice President of the Advertisers Association of Nigeria and Senior Special Assistant to the President of Nigeria on Digital Communications, Engagement and New Media Strategy.

WFA President David Wheldon and Deputy President Philip Myers of Ferrero will continue in their roles, alongside all regional vice presidents.

The newly appointed members are:

Jiunn Shih, Global Chief Marketing Officer, Driscoll’s

Silas-Lewis Meilus, Global Head of Media Operations, Haleon

Joel Renkema, Global Head of Insights, IKEA

José Román, Corporate Executive, Global Sales and Marketing, Nissan

Josh Faulks, CEO, AANA

Simon Michaelides, Director General, ISBA

O’tega Ogra, Vice President, ADVAN

Industry observers say the expanded committee reflects WFA’s commitment to deeper global collaboration and stronger representation across regions and sectors within the marketing and advertising ecosystem.

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FORENSIC INVESTIGATION REVEALS FABRICATED X ACCOUNT TARGETING INEC CHAIRMAN – CPS

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FORENSIC INVESTIGATION REVEALS FABRICATED X ACCOUNT TARGETING INEC CHAIRMAN – CPS

 

The Chief Press Secretary (CPS) to the Chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), Mr. Adedayo Oketola, has said that a purported X (formerly Twitter) account attributed to the Commission’s Chairman, Prof. Joash Ojo Amupitan, SAN, is fake and part of a coordinated disinformation campaign.

 

In a public statement issued on Monday in Abuja, Mr. Oketola disclosed that a comprehensive, multi-layered forensic investigation conducted by independent cybersecurity experts has conclusively established that the INEC Chairman does not operate any personal X account.

 

He said, “The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) , committed to a full forensic investigation, commissioned an independent forensic cybersecurity expert, who conducted a multi-layered forensic and digital investigation using X platform data, internet archive records, OSINT tools, identity forensics and cross-platform analysis.”

 

Oketola stressed that all posts, replies, and screenshots linking him to the handle @joashamupitan are fraudulent, forensically unverifiable, and technically impossible.

 

The controversy began on April 10, 2026, when viral social media posts alleged that the Chairman made a partisan comment — “Victory is sure” — in response to another user, supported by screenshots and purported digital records.

 

However, the CPS said the forensic investigation uncovered clear evidence of fabrication and impersonation, highlighting the following key findings:

 

· No Digital Linkage: There is no connection between the disputed X account and Prof. Amupitan’s verified email addresses or phone numbers, as multiple recovery and verification attempts failed to establish any link.

 

· False BVN/OPay Claims: Data used to suggest ownership of the account only confirms identity and does not establish control of any social media handle, making such claims a logical fallacy.

 

· Timestamp Manipulation: The alleged reply “Victory is sure” was posted 13 minutes before the original tweet it responded to—an occurrence that is technically impossible and definitive proof of fabrication.

 

· No Historical Record: Searches on the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine showed zero evidence of the account or its alleged activity prior to April 2026.

 

· Non-Existence on X Platform: Live checks confirmed that the alleged reply does not exist and has never existed on the platform.

 

· Account Renaming Pattern: On the same day the screenshots went viral, the account was renamed @sundayvibe00, set to private, and labelled a “parody account,” indicating deliberate impersonation and damage control.

 

· Coordinated Multi-Platform Impersonation: At least seven fake accounts across Facebook and Instagram using the Chairman’s identity were identified, pointing to a sustained disinformation effort.

 

“The forensic evidence is comprehensive, multi-sourced, and unambiguous. The posts attributed to Prof. Joash Ojo Amupitan on X are fabricated. The account is a clear case of impersonation,” Mr. Oketola said.

 

Quoting one of the independent investigators, he described the development as “a coordinated digital impersonation and disinformation campaign,” warning that advances in artificial intelligence had made it easier to fabricate misleading content.

 

He urged the public to avoid sharing unverified information, noting that “the fact that content goes viral does not make it authentic,” and called on media organisations to prioritise accuracy over speed.

 

Mr. Oketola said the independent forensic report had been referred to the law enforcement agencies for necessary action. He also appealed to law enforcement agencies to investigate the origin of the fake account and prosecute those responsible under the Cybercrimes (Prohibition, Prevention, etc.) Act.

 

He said, “Media organisations, in particular, have a duty to apply strict forensic verification standards to social media posts and screenshots before publishing them, especially when such content implicates public officials or carries serious consequences for public trust and institutional credibility. Accuracy, not speed, must guide reporting in matters of this nature.”

 

He reiterated that all official communications from INEC are disseminated exclusively through its verified platforms, including its website (www.inecnigeria.org), verified X account (@inecnigeria), official Facebook page, online news portal (www.inecnews.com), formal press statements from its headquarters in Abuja, and official media briefings. Any account purporting to represent the INEC Chairman in a personal capacity, he said, should be treated as fraudulent unless formally verified by the Commission.

 

FORENSIC INVESTIGATION REVEALS FABRICATED X ACCOUNT TARGETING INEC CHAIRMAN – CPS

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How FirstBank is investing in Its People and Building Future Leaders

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FirstBank Set to Launch Tailored Financial Services for Blind and Physically Challenged Customers  

How FirstBank is investing in Its People and Building Future Leaders

For an average 9-5er, having a job isn’t enough. You want a career that grows with you, gives you stability, and opens doors to bigger opportunities. People everywhere are looking for workplaces that don’t just pay salaries but actually invest in their staff, helping them learn, lead, and succeed.

That’s exactly what FirstBank is doing. The Bank is building a future where every employee has the opportunity to grow, lead, and thrive. Through its human capital management and development agenda, FirstBank is creating numerous pathways for staff to transform their careers and become tomorrow’s leaders.

Conversion Programme: Turning Opportunities Into Careers

Needless to say that there is no desire for the 9-5er to remain in a temporary role when they can secure a full-time career. With FirstBank’s Conversion Programme, eligible non-core employees who have served for at least one year can transition into permanent positions. This initiative ensures that hardworking staff are rewarded with stability, growth, and the chance to contribute more meaningfully to the Bank’s success.

Leadership Programmes: Grooming the Next Generation

FirstBank has designed three flagship programmes to identify and nurture high-potential talents:

  • FirstBank Management Associate Programme (FMAP): A 24-month fast-track initiative that grooms future middle managers. Upon completion, participants are promoted to Assistant Manager grade, regardless of their previous grade.
  • Leadership Acceleration Programme (LAP): Focused on preparing internal middle-management talents for leadership responsibilities, ensuring the Bank’s succession pipeline remains strong.
  • Senior Management Development Programme (SMDP): A programme for senior managers who are proven leaders in their functions and critical to the Bank’s succession plan.

These programmes are not just training—they are career accelerators, designed to put staff on the fast lane to leadership.

FirstAcademy: Learning With Global Standards

Backing these initiatives is FirstAcademy, FirstBank’s corporate university, accredited by the Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria (CIBN).

Staff also benefit from partnerships with institutions like Rome Business School and Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA), gaining access to world-class training—often at discounted rates

A Workplace That Values People

FirstBank’s parent company, First HoldCo PLC, was named second in the Best Workplaces in Financial Services in Nigeria. The Bank remains firmly committed to responsible employment practices, ensuring that all colleagues are treated with dignity, fairness, and respect.

The Future Is Human

With these initiatives, FirstBank is showing that its greatest investment is its people. By empowering staff through various growth opportunities, the Bank is not just building a workforce, it is cultivating leaders who will shape the future of banking in Nigeria and beyond.

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